Rapid Reduction of Alkenes and Alkynes over Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Sulfonated Porous Carbon

Table 1

Hydrogen yield from the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ in different concentrations at 25°C.

Entry	NaBH4 (g)	Activator (g) (Pd/SPC)	Ratios H^+/NaBH4	Water (mL)	Hydrogen yield (%)	Time (min)
1	0.151 (4 mmol)	—	—	4	27.5	60
2	0.151 (4 mmol)	0.44 (2.0 mmol H^+)	0.5	4	73	2
3	0.151 (4 mmol)	0.88 (4 mmol H^+)	1.0	4	94	2
4	0.151 (4 mmol)	1.76 (8 mmol H^+)	2.0	4	99.7	2
5	0.151 (4 mmol)	2.64 (12 mmol H^+)	3.0	4	100	1
6	0.151 (4 mmol)	1.75 (8 mmol H^+)	2.0	2	99.0	2
7	0.151 (4 mmol)	1.76 (8 mmol H^+)	2.0	1	97	2
8	0.151 (4 mmol)	1.76 (8 mmol H^+)	2.0	0.5	87	3
9	0.151 (4 mmol)	1.76 (8 mmol H^+)	2.5	—	5	120
10	0.151 (4 mmol)	SPC^a 1.70 (8 mmol)	2.0	4	96.3	2
11	0.151 (4 mmol)	Pd/PC^b (1.41)	—	4	56.2	60

^aSPC: sulfonated porous carbon (CH_0.45O_0.38S_0.074).
^bPC: porous carbon (CH_0.47O_0.09).