Determination of Retinol, 𝛼-Tocopherol, Lycopene, and 𝛽-Carotene in Human Plasma Using HPLC with UV-Vis Detection: Application to a Clinical Study

Table 3

Comparison of levels of selected fat-soluble antioxidant vitamins between the patients and a control group.

	PCI; (1; 𝑛=45)	P; (2; 𝑛=37)	N; (3; 𝑛=47)	1 versus 3	2 versus 3
Age (years)	59±5	61±6	57±6	—	—
Female/male	9/36	6/31	25/22	—	—
Retinol; (μmol/L; 𝜇g/mL)	1.21 (0.49); 0.35 (0.14)	1.26 (0.33); 0.36 (0.09)	1.14 (0.32); 0.33 (0.09)	—	—
α-Tocopherol; (𝜇mol/L; 𝜇g/mL)	22.1 (4.4); 9.52 (1.90)	23.6 (9.7); 10.16 (4.18)	23.7 (5.7); 10.21 (2.46)	—	—
Lycopene; (𝜇mol/L; 𝜇g/mL)	0.025 (0.010); 0.013 (0.005)	0.038 (0.023); 0.020 (0.012)	0.039 (0.009); 0.021 (0.005)	*	—
𝛽-Carotene; (𝜇mol/L; 𝜇g/mL)	0.095 (0.117); 0.051 (0.063)	0.106 (0.120); 0.057 (0.064)	0.139 (0.098); 0.075 (0.053)	***	**

Results are expressed as the mean value with the estimated standard deviation (S.D.), the statistical significance of a difference: *𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.01; ***𝑃<0.001 (Student’s t-test).
PCI: patients with stenosis and with subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention.
P: patients with stenosis without subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention.
N: patients without any stenosis.