Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes with Ethyl Cyanoacetate in Water Catalyzed by P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂

Table 3

Effect of active methylene reagents on the Knoevenagel condensation over P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (in-situ)^a.

Active methylene reagent	Time (min)	Yield^b (%)
Ethyl cyanoacetate	30	98
Diethyl malonate	360	—
Acetoacetic ester	30	28

^aReaction conditions: catalyst (P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂(0.6) (in-situ), 0.12 g), benzaldehyde (2 mmol), active methylene reagent (2 mmol), reflux, H₂O (10 mL), and selectivity = 100%. ^bIsolated yield.