Knoevenagel Condensation of Aldehydes with Ethyl Cyanoacetate in Water Catalyzed by P4VP/Al₂O₃-SiO₂

Table 6

Effect of various supports on the Knoevenagel condensation^a.

Catalyst	Time (min)	Yield^b (%)
Al2O3-SiO2(0.6)	30	8
P4VP/Al2O3-SiO2(0.6) (in-situ)	30	98
P4VP/Al2O3	120	87
P4VP/SiO2	10	55

^aReaction conditions: catalyst (0.04 g), benzaldehyde (2 mmol), ethyl cyanoacetate (2 mmol), reflux, H₂O (10 mL), and selectivity = 100%. ^bIsolated yield.