Thermodynamics of Biosorption for Removal of Co(II) Ions by an Efficient and Ecofriendly Biosorbent (Saccharum bengalense): Kinetics and Isotherm Modeling

Table 4

Thermodynamical and activation parameters for sorption of Co(II) on SB.

Thermodynamically Activated Parameters	Parameters values; kJ mol^−1	Conclusion
Δ𝐺^0	−0.254	Spontaneous and feasible process
Δ𝐻^0	+22.24	Endothermic process
Δ𝑆^0	+0.065	Increase in randomness at solid/solution interface
Δ𝐺^#	+84.63	Energy requirement for sorption process
Δ𝐻^#	+0.004	Endothermic process
Δ𝑆^#	−0.262	Associated mechanism
𝐸𝑎	0.007	Physical adsorption