Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Procyanidins Using Ionic Liquid Solution from Larix gmelinii Bark
Figure 2
Optimization of extraction conditions: (a) 0.5 g of dried sample was mixed with 5 mL 1.25 M [Bmim]Br and then soaked for different times (1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 h) before the suspension was extracted for 30 min by UAE (250 W); (b) 0.5 g of dried sample was mixed with 1.25 M [Bmim]Br with different solid-liquid ratios (1 : 6, 1 : 8, 1 : 10, 1 : 12, and 1 : 14 w/v) and then soaked for 3 h before the suspension was extracted for 30 min by UAE (250 W); (c) 0.5 g of dried sample was mixed with 5 mL 1.25 M [Bmim]Br and then soaked for 3 h before the suspension was extracted for 30 min by UAE at different ultrasound powers (100, 150, 200, and 250 W); (d) 0.5 g of dried sample was mixed with 5 mL 1.25 M [Bmim]Br and then soaked for 3 h before the suspension was extracted for different times (10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 min) by UAE (150 W). The extraction efficiency is expressed as the observed values of proanthocyanidins, and the maximum amount in each curve was taken to be 100%.
