Adsorption Kinetics for the Removal of Hazardous Dye Congo Red by Biowaste Materials as Adsorbents

Table 1

Kinetic parameters for the adsorption of congo red by GNC and EC at different temperatures.

		Adsorbents
Equations	Parameters	GNC			EC
		308 K	313 K	318 K	308 K	313 K	318 K
Pseudo-first order	𝑞𝑒exp (mg g^−1)	51.30	53.02	54.20	35.85	37.98	41.38
	𝑞𝑒cal (mg g^−1)	6.33	6.09	7.69	17.01	13.25	12.99
	𝑘𝑓 (min^−1)	0.083	0.081	0.059	0.058	0.064	0.065
	𝑅^2	0.98	0.99	0.97	0.99	0.88	0.98
Pseudo-second order	𝑞𝑒exp (mg g^−1)	51.30	53.02	54.20	35.85	37.98	41.38
	𝑞𝑒cal (mg g^−1)	51.81	53.44	55.86	37.05	39.65	42.97
	𝑘𝑠 (g/mg min)	0.035	0.034	0.020	0.012	0.008	0.011
	𝑅^2	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99
	𝑘id (mg/g min^1/2)	1.06	0.937	1.03	1.79	1.59	2.42
Intraparticle diffusion	C (mg g^−1)	44.98	47.07	47.94	22.87	26.81	26.80
	𝑅^2	0.95	0.91	0.99	0.95	0.98	0.99
	𝑘𝑜(g)	115.6	123.5	129.1	39.59	48.84	51.84
Bangham	𝐴	0.07	0.08	0.09	0.17	0.14	0.17
	𝑅^2	0.98	0.96	0.96	0.98	0.97	0.98
	a (mg/g min)	1.15 × 10^10	5.47 × 10^10	3.29 × 10^11	8.69 × 10^2	4.88 × 10^3	2.11 × 10^3
Elovich	b (g mg^−1)	0.509	0.524	0.525	0.264	0.298	0.242
	𝑅^2	0.98	0.96	0.96	0.98	0.96	0.99