Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Structure and Their Interaction with Proteins

Figure 3

The three main approaches for modifying carbon nanotubes with biomolecules: the covalent approach (step a), noncovalent approach (step b), and hybrid approach where a small molecule “anchor” is first noncovalently absorbed to the carbon nanotube (step c), followed by a chemical reaction between the anchor and the biomolecules of interest (step d). (Adapted from Yang et al. [133])