Effect of Cr Substitution on Magnetic Properties of Mg Nanoferrites Synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method

Molar susceptibility (<svg height="13.2" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-4.3871pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.025 13.2" width="20.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M565 434q-29 -30 -107.5 -131t-125.5 -168q22 -126 55 -265q8 -35 12.5 -45.5t11.5 -10.5q26 0 76 59l23 -23q-77 -111 -134 -111q-42 0 -63 96l-43 222q-148 -211 -219 -335h-10q-30 45 9 103l209 291q-27 155 -42 214q-7 27 -11.5 35.5t-12.5 8.5q-19 0 -62 -57l-21 21
q73 110 126 110q18 0 31.5 -22.5t19.5 -52.5l35 -184l160 234l74 25z" id="x1D712"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.95,13)"><path d="M766 88q-40 -45 -83.5 -72.5t-63.5 -27.5q-39 0 -16 103l49 224q15 68 -10 68q-36 0 -112.5 -78.5t-105.5 -133.5q-27 -101 -38 -165q-35 -4 -77 -18l-6 6q42 153 70 288q12 55 10 78t-19 23q-38 0 -114 -80.5t-101 -131.5q-24 -68 -41 -165q-36 -3 -76 -18l-8 6
q56 202 87 347q7 33 -3 33q-8 0 -31.5 -17.5t-41.5 -35.5l-12 28q42 45 84 72t63 27q44 0 10 -124l-20 -75h2q92 121 193 178q36 21 64 21q62 0 28 -159l-8 -37h2q50 67 103.5 112t94.5 65q39 19 62 19q60 0 23 -156l-45 -189q-9 -39 2 -39q17 0 71 49z" id="x1D45A"></path></g>
</svg>) and effective magnetic moment (<svg height="12.9125" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-4.15504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.4375 12.9125" width="22.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M538 96q-38 -45 -84 -76.5t-71 -31.5q-44 0 -15 117q12 49 18 89h-2q-99 -128 -163 -178q-36 -28 -70 -28q-26 0 -44 38h-2q-16 -69 -16 -129q0 -43 11 -75.5t24 -42.5l1 -6q-7 -12 -24.5 -23t-37.5 -11q-40 0 -40 76q0 52 35 202l94 407l78 24l5 -5q-32 -122 -72 -310
q-7 -33 0 -55t25 -22q36 0 105.5 75t107.5 145l32 146l75 26h10q-50 -197 -78 -347q-7 -38 6 -38q7 0 31 17t47 39z" id="x1D707"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.5,12.713)"><path d="M380 106l15 -22q-42 -52 -87 -74t-76 -22q-89 0 -142 62t-53 151q0 103 66 175q67 73 146 73h1q61 0 105.5 -46.5t44.5 -105.5q0 -16 -4.5 -22.5t-18.5 -9.5q-54 -10 -262 -17q1 -95 46 -143.5t104 -48.5q61 0 115 50zM225 412q-35 0 -64.5 -32.5t-40.5 -90.5q83 0 170 3
q14 0 19 4.5t5 15.5q1 41 -23.5 70.5t-65.5 29.5z" id="x65"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,14.557,12.713)"><path d="M187 566v-116h189c1.33478 44.0001 4.00146 75.3334 8 94c5.33411 24.0005 14.0008 46.3339 26 67c28 48 75 72 141 72c30.0005 0 54.8339 -5.83331 74.5 -17.5c19.6691 -11.6667 29.5024 -26.5 29.5 -44.5c0 -11.3368 -4 -21.0035 -12 -29c-8 -8 -18 -12 -30 -12
c-16 0 -31 12 -45 36c-16.0016 26 -33.6682 39 -53 39c-37.3333 -0.000915527 -56 -29.6676 -56 -89v-116h115v-32h-115v-315c0 -37.3333 5 -61 15 -71c11.3333 -10.6667 37.3333 -16.3333 78 -17v-15h-245v15c28.6667 2 47 8.33333 55 19c8.66666 10.6667 13 34 13 70v314
h-188v-314c0 -38 3.66667 -61.6667 11 -71c6.66667 -8.66667 25.6667 -14.6667 57 -18v-15h-235v15c36.6667 2 59.3333 8 68 18c10 11.3333 15 35 15 71v314h-82v32h82c1.33344 43.3338 4.0001 74.3338 8 93c4.66666 22 13.6667 44.6667 27 68c28 48 75 72 141 72
c29.3333 0 52.8333 -5.83331 70.5 -17.5s26.5 -26.5 26.5 -44.5c0 -11.3368 -4 -21.0035 -12 -29c-8 -8 -18 -12 -30 -12c-8 0 -14.1667 2.16669 -18.5 6.5s-10.8333 14.1667 -19.5 29.5c-16 26 -33.6667 39 -53 39c-37.3335 -0.000915527 -56.0001 -29.6676 -56 -89z" id="xFB00"></path></g>
</svg>) of <svg height="15.8" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.50803pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 103.325 15.8" width="103.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path d="M861 0h-263v28q61 5 73 22t12 97l-4 408h-4l-244 -548h-20l-224 534h-2l-15 -285q-5 -98 -3 -166q1 -34 19.5 -45t72.5 -17v-28h-233v28q45 5 62.5 17t22.5 43q11 65 19 183l14 208q3 36 3.5 55t-2.5 37.5t-6.5 25t-16.5 13t-25.5 8t-39.5 4.5v28h164l228 -501l232 501
h170v-28q-68 -6 -81 -21.5t-11 -91.5l9 -362q2 -80 15 -97t78 -22v-28z" id="x4D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.208,11.363)"><path d="M463 437l5 -8q-21 -38 -45 -51l-57 3q30 -35 30 -88q0 -76 -52.5 -118t-122.5 -42q-24 0 -51 5q-30 -21 -30 -42q0 -16 16 -27t47 -11q19 0 54 0.5t52 0.5q36 0 65.5 -8t53.5 -36t24 -74q0 -77 -75 -137.5t-174 -60.5q-79 0 -126 37.5t-48 84.5q0 32 24 56q21 21 83 70
q-49 15 -74 55q-13 20 -11 42q56 21 88 61q-37 16 -62.5 51t-25.5 83q0 78 56.5 122t122.5 44h1q51 0 96 -27q71 4 136 15zM219 418q-34 0 -58 -32t-24 -87q0 -59 26.5 -96.5t67.5 -37.5q35 1 59 32t24 87q0 59 -26 96.5t-69 37.5zM241 -11q-62 0 -87 -21q-46 -39 -46 -78
q0 -41 38 -68.5t94 -27.5q69 0 106.5 31t37.5 80q0 52 -45 71q-33 13 -98 13z" id="x67"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.164,11.363)"><path d="M614 175l29 -10q-33 -109 -57 -154q-121 -26 -184 -26q-90 0 -160.5 29t-112.5 77t-63.5 105.5t-21.5 119.5q0 157 108 253t277 96q36 0 71.5 -5t69 -13.5t36.5 -8.5q15 -102 20 -150l-29 -8q-20 79 -66.5 114t-128.5 35q-119 0 -187.5 -86t-68.5 -207
q0 -140 73.5 -227.5t188.5 -87.5q73 0 119.5 37.5t86.5 116.5z" id="x43"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.468,11.363)"><path d="M181 342h2q63 107 121 107q24 0 41 -16t17 -34q0 -34 -32 -49q-17 -7 -26 2q-21 20 -43 20q-20 0 -42 -22t-38 -63v-183q0 -50 12.5 -62t69.5 -16v-26h-230v26q47 5 58 17t11 61v207q0 49 -9 60.5t-53 16.5v23q74 12 141 40v-109z" id="x72"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,40.775,15.45)"><path d="M536 404q0 -17 -13.5 -31.5t-26.5 -14.5q-8 0 -15 10q-11 14 -25 14q-22 0 -67 -50q-47 -52 -68 -82l37 -102q31 -88 55 -88t78 59l16 -23q-32 -48 -68.5 -78t-65.5 -30q-19 0 -37.5 20t-29.5 53l-41 116q-72 -106 -114.5 -147.5t-79.5 -41.5q-21 0 -34.5 14t-13.5 37
q0 16 13.5 31.5t28.5 15.5q12 0 17 -11q5 -10 25 -10q22 0 57.5 36t89.5 111l-40 108q-22 58 -36 58q-21 0 -67 -57l-19 20q81 107 125 107q17 0 30 -22t39 -88l22 -55q68 92 108.5 128.5t74.5 36.5q20 0 32.5 -14t12.5 -30z" id="x1D465"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,48.05,11.363)"><path d="M493 503l-29 -4q-13 56 -28 80q-13 22 -35.5 29.5t-78.5 7.5h-76q-22 0 -27.5 -5t-5.5 -27v-238h103q66 0 82.5 12t25.5 62h29v-193h-29q-9 54 -25.5 67t-82.5 13h-103v-181q0 -64 15 -78.5t84 -19.5v-28h-272v28q61 5 74.5 19.5t13.5 78.5v399q0 64 -13 78t-72 19v28
h440q1 -40 10 -147z" id="x46"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,57.042,11.363)"><path d="M380 106l15 -22q-42 -52 -87 -74t-76 -22q-89 0 -142 62t-53 151q0 103 66 175q67 73 146 73h1q61 0 105.5 -46.5t44.5 -105.5q0 -16 -4.5 -22.5t-18.5 -9.5q-54 -10 -262 -17q1 -95 46 -143.5t104 -48.5q61 0 115 50zM225 412q-35 0 -64.5 -32.5t-40.5 -90.5q83 0 170 3
q14 0 19 4.5t5 15.5q1 41 -23.5 70.5t-65.5 29.5z" id="x65"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,64.262,15.45)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,69.974,15.45)"><path d="M535 230h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x2212"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,76.958,15.45)"><path d="M536 404q0 -17 -13.5 -31.5t-26.5 -14.5q-8 0 -15 10q-11 14 -25 14q-22 0 -67 -50q-47 -52 -68 -82l37 -102q31 -88 55 -88t78 59l16 -23q-32 -48 -68.5 -78t-65.5 -30q-19 0 -37.5 20t-29.5 53l-41 116q-72 -106 -114.5 -147.5t-79.5 -41.5q-21 0 -34.5 14t-13.5 37
q0 16 13.5 31.5t28.5 15.5q12 0 17 -11q5 -10 25 -10q22 0 57.5 36t89.5 111l-40 108q-22 58 -36 58q-21 0 -67 -57l-19 20q81 107 125 107q17 0 30 -22t39 -88l22 -55q68 92 108.5 128.5t74.5 36.5q20 0 32.5 -14t12.5 -30z" id="x1D465"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,84.238,11.363)"><path d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" id="x4F"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,96.938,15.45)"><path d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" id="x34"></path></g>
</svg> (<svg height="7.9499998" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.625 7.9499998" width="9.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path d="M536 404q0 -17 -13.5 -31.5t-26.5 -14.5q-8 0 -15 10q-11 14 -25 14q-22 0 -67 -50q-47 -52 -68 -82l37 -102q31 -88 55 -88t78 59l16 -23q-32 -48 -68.5 -78t-65.5 -30q-19 0 -37.5 20t-29.5 53l-41 116q-72 -106 -114.5 -147.5t-79.5 -41.5q-21 0 -34.5 14t-13.5 37
q0 16 13.5 31.5t28.5 15.5q12 0 17 -11q5 -10 25 -10q22 0 57.5 36t89.5 111l-40 108q-22 58 -36 58q-21 0 -67 -57l-19 20q81 107 125 107q17 0 30 -22t39 -88l22 -55q68 92 108.5 128.5t74.5 36.5q20 0 32.5 -14t12.5 -30z" id="x1D465"></path></g>
</svg> = 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0).

Journal of Chemistry

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: Effect of Cr Substitution on Magnetic Properties of Mg Nanoferrites Synthesized by Citrate-Gel Auto Combustion Method 