Chromatographic Methods in the Separation of Long-Chain Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Table 3

Survey of some selected GC conditions useful for separation and identification of MUFA and PUFA from various samples.

Analyte	GC column	Derivatization	Identification/quantification	Reference
Liver lipids from rat containing rumelenic acid (cis-9, trans-11, and cis-15 18 : 3) isomer of linolenic acid	BPX-70 capillary column SGE, Melbourne (50 m × 0.32 mm, 0.25 m), helium was used as carrier gas under flow 2.4 mL/min	4,4-dimethyloxazolidine (DMOX) and methyl ester derivatives	Selective quadrupole mass detector under ionization voltage of 70 eV at 230°C	[85]
The algae extract containing 28 : 7 (n-6) and also 28 : 8 (n-3)	Polar column: BPX-70, (50 m × 0.32 mm, 0.25 m),; nonpolar: HP-1 capillary column (50 m × 0.32 mm, 0.17 m) helium was used as carrier gas	DMOX derivatization	Mass spectrometer (Fisons, MD-800) under ionization voltage of 35 eV at 200°C	[86]
Extracts from three crustacean species coming from Lake Baikal containing n-3 and n-6 PUFA	Supelcowax 10 column (60 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 m), the temperature program was from 100°C to 280°C. The carrier gas was helium at flow rate of 70 cm/s	Methyl esters and oxazolines of PUFA	Mass spectrometer with chemical ionization (Finnigan MAT 1020B)	[87]
Extracts from green algae and cyanobacterium	A fused HP-5MS (Agilent) capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.1 m), helium was used as mobile phase	Methyl esters of PUFA	Ion trap mass spectrometer; (ITD-MS) was used	[88]
Clinical formulations containing PUFA	Capillary column Zebron ZB-WAX plus; (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 m)	Methyl esters of PUFA	GC-FID system	[89]
Food samples containing saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA); cis and trans	SP-2560 CPS column; (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.20 m), hydrogen was used as a carrier gas	Methyl esters of MUFA and PUFA	GC-FID system	[90]
Oil extracts from grape seed and wheat germ rich in linolenic and linoleic acids	DB-23 (0.32 mm × 30 m), temperature programming 150–230°C, carrier gas was helium	Methyl esters of linolenic and linoleic acid	GC-FID system	[91]
Smoked mackerel meat containing EP and DHA	Column Rtx 2330 (105 m × 0.25 mm, 0.2 m) temperature programming 30–210°C	Methyl esters of EP and DHA	GC-FID system	[92]