Sustainability Assessment of Chemical Processes: Evaluation of Three Synthesis Routes of DMC

Table 1

Main principles/evaluation guidelines of reviewed assessment methods [5, 12–16].

	GRI	AIChE	IChemE	Green Chemistry
Environmental performance	Materials; Energy; Water; Biodiversity; Emissions; Effluents and waste; Products and services; Compliance; Transport; Suppliers	(i) Resource use; (a) Energy; (b) Materials; (c) Renewables; (d) Water; GHG emissions; Waste, wastewater; Compliance management; Value chain management	Resource usage; (i) Energy; (ii) Material; (iii) Water; (iv) Land; Emissions, effluents, and waste	Prevent waste; Use renewable feedstock; Avoid chemical derivatives; Catalysts; Product degradability
Economic performance	Economic performance; Market presence; Procurement practices	(i) Sustainability innovation; (ii) Strategic commitment to sustainability	Profit, value, tax; (i) Investments	Maximise atom economy; Increase energy efficiency
Social performance	Labor practices; (i) Employment; (ii) Health and safety; (iii) Innovation and knowledge potential; (iv) Diversity and equality; society; (i) Acceptability and social dialogue; Human rights	Social responsibility; (i) Stakeholder partnership; (ii) Social investment; (iii) Image in the community; Product stewardship; (i) assurance system; (ii) risk communication; (iii) legal proceedings	Workplace; (i) Employment; (ii) Health and safety; society	Less hazardous chemical syntheses; Safer chemicals, products, solvents, and reactions; Accident prevention and real time analysis