Characterization of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes on an Ecological Farm System

Table 3

Relative concentrations of ARGs (normalized to copy numbers of 16s rDNA) in solid samples (mean ± SE).

Sample	Fresh feces	Dried feces	Biogas slurry	Grape soil
sulI (×10^−2)	2.2 ± 0.00^c	2.4 ± 0.08^c	5.83 ± 5.44^b	39.19 ± 0.77^a
sulII (×10^−3)	8.99 ± 0.90^a	9.05 ± 1.88^a	0.37 ± 0.06^b	0.42 ± 0.08^b
sulIII (×10^−3)	6.09 ± 0.59^a	6.19 ± 1.19^a	0.20 ± 0.04^b	0.48 ± 0.10^b
sulA (×10^−3)	0.20 ± 0.09^bc	0.31 ± 0.05^b	0.11 ± 0.04^c	0.71 ± 0.01^a
qnrA (×10^−3)	0.32 ± 0.03^a	0.21 ± 0.21^b	0.01 ± 0.00^c	BDL
qnrS (×10^−3)	0.12 ± 0.01^a	0.04 ± 0.00^d	0.05 ± 0.00^c	0.08 ± 0.02^b
tetA (×10^−3)	2.03 ± 0.16^a	1.28 ± 0.09^b	0.15 ± 0.03^c	0.02 ± 0.00^c
tetE (×10^−3)	2.45 ± 0.23^b	1.06 ± 0.24^b	2.96 ± 0.61^a	1.35 ± 0.26^b
tetB (×10^−3)	1.02 ± 0.10^b	0.49 ± 0.21^c	2.91 ± 1.09^a	0.44 ± 0.07^c
tetO (×10^−2)	2.00 ± 0.19^c	1.67 ± 0.27^c	22.71 ± 8.33^a	10.55 ± 1.23^b

BDL: below the detection limitation. The mean followed by different letters within the same row indicates a significant difference at .