Research Article
Oyster and Pyramidella Shells as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Microwave-Assisted Biodiesel Production from Jatropha curcas Oil
Table 3
The fuel properties of biodiesel.
| | Fuel property | Derived catalyst | ASTM D6751 | EN14214 | | Oyster shell | Pyramidella shell |
| | Kinematic viscosity (mm2/s) | 4.5 | 4.4 | 1.0–6.0 | 3.5–5.0 | | Density (g/cm3) | 0.879 | 0.876 | NS | 0.860–0.900 | | Flash point (°C) | 163 | 162 | 130 Min | 120 Min | | Cloud point (°C) | 11 | 13 | NS | NS | | Pour point (°C) | 8 | 9 | NS | NS | | Acid value (mg KOH/g oil) | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.8 Max | 0.5 Max | | Water content (%) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.050 Max | 0.050 Max |
|
|
NS: not specified, Min: minimum, and Max: maximum.
|
