Status of the Reactive Extraction as a Method of Separation

Table 2

Extractant/diluent system for the separation of carboxylic acids by reactive extraction: kinetic studies.

SL number	Carboxylic acid	Extractant	Diluent	Parameters	Findings	References
1	Penicillin G	Amberlite LA-2	Kerosene	Agitation speed, interfacial area between two immiscible solutions, pH of aqueous phase, initial carrier, and penicillin G concentration	A rate equation for the mass transfer was proposed with the forward and backward rate constants as = 1.64 L^3 mol^−2 s^−1 and = 6.56 × 10^−5 L s^−1, respectively	[49]
2	Citric	TOA	iso-decanol and n-paraffin	Concentrations of acid and amine and speed of agitation	Formal elementary kinetic model proposed and reaction kinetics evaluated	[50]
3	Penicillin G	Amberlite LA-2	Kerosene and n-butyl acetate	Aqueous and organic phase compositions, pH, and temperature	The fractional resistances of aqueous layer diffusion, interfacial chemical reaction, and organic layer diffusion were quantitatively determined	[51]
4	Tartaric	TIOA	iso-decanol, and kerosene	Concentrations of acid, amine, and iso-decanol	Modified Langmuir isotherm was proposed and kinetic parameters interpreted by a formal elementary kinetic model	[52]
5	Lactic	Aliquat 336	Oleyl alcohol	Initial lactate and extractant concentrations in extraction, initial chloride, and extractant-lactate complex concentrations in stripping	Extraction and stripping kinetics were investigated, diffusion through the organic-phase film was determined as the rate-determining step	[53]
6	Phenyl acetic	Alamine 336	Kerosene and MIBK	Acid and amine concentration, volume ratio of phases, and stirrer speed	Intrinsic kinetics were described; the reaction found to be zero order in Alamine 336 and first order in acid with a rate constant of 0.9 s^−1	[54]
7	Penicillin G	Amberlite LA-2	Kerosene	Acid and amine concentration, and pH	Dispersed liquid-liquid extraction system proposed; Danckwert and Biot nos used to determine rate step	[55]