Potential of Controlled Irrigation and Drainage for Reducing Nitrogen Emission from Rice Paddies in Southern China

Table 3

Nitrogen loss by runoff during the period of submergence in 2010.

Form of N	Tillering stage		Jointing-booting stage		Panicle initiation stage		Milky stage
	T1	CK	T2	CK	T3	CK	T4	CK
-N (g/ha)	124 ± 6.8	520 ± 24.7	294 ± 13.1	1207 ± 50.3	520 ± 30.6	973 ± 52.2	77 ± 3.9	672 ± 28.6
-N (g/ha)	36 ± 2.1	214 ± 10.2	42 ± 5.3	485 ± 19.8	84 ± 4.8	910 ± 43.8	30 ± 1.8	196 ± 9.3

Note: CK indicates alternate drying and wet irrigation; T1, T2, T3, and T4 denote the submergence at tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, panicle initiation stage, and milky stage, respectively. Each value is the mean ± SD ().