Impact of Pregnancy on the Levels of Parabens and Bisphenol A: Data from NHANES 2005–2010
Table 5
Adjusted geometric means in ng/mL with 95% confidence intervals for selected endocrine disrupting chemicals for females aged 20–44 years. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2010#.
Bisphenol A
Butyl paraben
Ethyl paraben
Methyl paraben
Propyl paraben
Non-Hispanic White
2.02 (1.85–2.2)
0.94 (0.78–1.14)
3.69 (3.01–4.53)
99.23 (81.92–120.19)∧
22.42 (17.81–28.22)∧∧
Non-Hispanic Black
2.14 (1.9–2.41)
0.74 (0.53–1.04)
4.64 (3.43–6.28)&
288.53 (235.53–353.45)∧
48.76 (37.27–63.78)∧∧
Mexican American
2.17 (1.86–2.53)
1.34 (0.9–2)
3.22 (2.47–4.21)
205.37 (167.67–251.56)∧
37.35 (27.41–50.91)∧∧
Others
2.11 (1.69–2.64)
0.84 (0.64–1.09)
2.73 (2.14–3.49)
122.16 (91.92–162.34)∧
19.84 (13.68–28.77)∧∧
Nonsmokers
2.06 (1.91–2.22)
1.1 (0.9–1.35)
3.88 (3.21–4.68)
130.87 (109.02–157.11)
28.66 (22.9–35.85)
Smokers
2.07 (1.79–2.38)
0.61 (0.47–0.79)
2.93 (2.29–3.75)
112.06 (86.13–145.79)
18.86 (13.67–26.03)
Iron absent
1.87 (1.56–2.24)
0.75 (0.57–0.98)
4.08 (3.03–5.49)
118.19 (94.16–148.34)
26.5 (18.47–38.01)
Iron deficient
2.43 (2.1–2.82)
1.03 (0.66–1.6)
4.09 (2.59–6.47)
127.74 (93.06–175.35)
32.6 (23.6–45.03)
Iron replete
2.03 (1.86–2.22)
0.96 (0.79–1.17)
3.33 (2.76–4.01)
126.78 (108.43–148.24)
23.8 (19.55–28.98)
Pregnant
1.78 (1.41–2.24)
1.59 (0.92–2.76)
3.64 (2.09–6.32)
138.83 (89.64–214.99)
27.31 (16.88–44.2)
Nonpregnant
2.08 (1.94–2.23)
0.9 (0.79–1.04)
3.56 (3.08–4.12)
124.61 (109.29–142.09)
25.41 (21.73–29.72)
Levels for two groups within the same category with the same symbol or & were statistically significantly different at . ∧All pairwise differences were statistically significant at except between Non-Hispanic White and others. ∧∧All pairwise differences were statistically significant at except between Non-Hispanic White and others and between Non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American.
