Pollution Level, Sources, and Lung Cancer Risk of PM₁₀-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Summer in Nanjing, China

Table 3

Comparisons among diagnostic ratios found in this study with other urban areas in the world.

Region	Sampling time	Object	Diagnostic ratios						References
			ANT/(ANT + PHE)	BaA/(BaA + CHR)	FLA/(FLA + PYR)	IcdP/(IcdP + BghiP)	BaP/BghiP	FLO/(FLO + PYR)
Nanjing, China	Summer, 2015	PM10	0.12	0.43	0.53	0.51	1.06	0.56	This study
Jilin, China	Year, 2012	PM10	0.16	0.37	—	—	1.47	—	[35]
Beijing, China	Summer, 2006	PM10	0.11	0.27	0.46	0.20	—	—	[18]
Xuzhou, China	Summer and autumn, 2010	PM10	0.57	—	—	0.66	0.54	0.52	[36]
Xuzhou, China	Winter, 2010	PM10	0.44	—	—	0.56	1.16	0.52	[36]
Xi’an, China	Summer, 2009	Air	0.08 ± 0.04	0.29 ± 0.07	0.61 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.01	—	—	[37]
Shenzhen, China	Summer, 2010	PM10	0.26	—	—	0.48	0.42	—	[38]
Taichung, Taiwan, China	Years 2002-2003	Air	—	—	—	0.55	—	0.55	[39]
Giza, Egypt	Summer, 2007	Air	0.46	0.39	0.61	0.35	0.77	—	[40]
Dourados, Brazil	Year, 2010	Air	—	0.34 ± 0.07	—	—	0.88 ± 0.31	—	[29]
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia	Spring, 2011	PM10	0.13	0.36	0.43	0.23	0.27	—	[30]
Delhi, India	Years 2009-2010	PM10	—	0.61 ± 0.05	0.53 ± 0.07	0.30 ± 0.12	1.10 ± 0.51	—	[41]
	Years 2001–2003	Air	—	—	—	—	—	0.71	[8]

BS: background site.