| Compounds | Animals/tissues | Dosages | Effects | Mechanisms | Reference |
| Cryptotanshinone | Rat heart | 125, 250 μg/kg | Ameliorating I/R injury | Neutrophil infiltration ↓ NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β ↓ MPO ↓ | [24] |
| Tanshinone | Mouse carotid artery | 0.3 and 0.6 g/kg | Suppressing intimal hyperplasia | Intimal thickening ↓ PCNA ↓ | [34] | Rat heart | 120 mg/kg | Improving acute myocardial infarction | Infarct size ↓ Systolic function ↑ Ca2+ ↓ Cell adhesion ↓ | [57] |
| Tanshinone IIA | Rat heart | 10 mg/kg | Protection of I/R injury | Bcl-2, SOD ↑ Caspase 3 ↓, MDA ↓ | [19] | 8 mg/kg | Reducing myocardial infarct size and I/R injury | HO-1 ↑, TNF-α ↓, MDA ↓, SOD ↑, GSH ↑, p-NF-κB ↓ | [58] | 8 mg/kg | Protection of isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction | HO-1 ↑, Nrf2 ↑ MDA ↓, SOD ↑, GSH ↑ p-ERK1/2/ERK ↑ | [59] | 5, 10, 20 mg/kg | Reducing myocardial infarct size and I/R injury | p-AKT ↑, p-eNOS ↑, p-NF-κB ↓ | [20] | 5 mg/kg | Protection of STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy | p-AKT ↑, GSK-3β ↑, MPTP ↓, TNF-α ↓, IL-6 ↓, MPO ↓ | [60] | 10, 20, 40 mg/kg | Reducing myocardial infarct size and biochemical markers | SOD ↑, GSH-Px ↑, MDA ↓, TNF-α ↓, IL-6 ↓, iNOS ↓, HMGB1 ↓ | [61] | 60 mg/kg | TNF-α, CD68 ↓ MCP-1, TGF-β1 ↓ | [18] | 20 mg/kg | LVSP ↑, LVEDP ↓ p-p38MAPK ↓ SRF, MEF2 ↓, Cx43 ↑ | [46] | 20 mg/kg | Reducing infarct size and apoptotic cells | Caspase 3 ↓, p-Akt ↓, FOXO3A ↓, Bim ↓ | [62] | 10, 20 mg/kg | Antihypertrophic action | Ca2+, AT1R ↓ | [63] | 10, 20 mg/kg | PKC ↓, eNOS ↑ | [64] | 5, 10, 20 mg/kg | Heart muscle index ↓ p-Akt, p-Gsk3β ↓ | [65] | 10, 20 mg/kg | LVML, MFD ↓ Smad 3, TGF-β1 ↓ Smad7 ↑ | [66] | 35, 70 mg/kg | LV fibrosis ↓ Diastolic dysfunction ↓ MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 ↓ | [67] | 35, 70 mg/kg | CVF, PVCA ↓ NAD(P)H oxidase, ↓ | [68] | 5, 10, 15 mg/kg | MDA ↓ SOD ↑ Bcl-2/Bax ratio ↑ Caspase 3 ↓ LV fibrosis ↓ Smad 3 ↓, TGF-β1 ↓ | [69] | Rat aorta | 35, 70 mg/kg | Attenuation of atherosclerotic calcification | oxLDL production ↓ ↓, Cu/Zn SOD ↑ MDA ↓ | [70] | Mouse aorta | 10, 30, 90 mg/kg | Antiatherosclerotic action | Cholesterol level ↓ CD36, SRA, PPARγ ↓ | [22] | Mouse heart | 20 mg/kg | Amelioration of I/R injury | eNOS/NO ↑ AMPK/PI3K/Akt ↑ | [40] | Rabbit aorta | 6.25, 15.00, 37.50 mg/kg | Antiatherosclerotic action | CD40, MMP-2 ↓ SOD ↑ |
[71] |
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AT1R, angiotensin II type I receptor; Ca2+, intracellular calcium; CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; CD68, cluster of differentiation 68; CVF, collagen volume fraction; Cx43, connexin 43; Dox, doxorubicin; IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta; IL-6, interleukin-6; I/R, ischemia reperfusion; LV: left ventricular; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVSP, left ventricular systolic pressure; LVEDP, left ventricular end diastolic pressure; MDA, malondialdehyde; MEF2, myocyte enhancer factor 2; MFD, myocardial fiber diameter; MI, myocardial infarction; MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinases-2; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator activated gamma; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PVCA, perivascular collagen area; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SOD, superoxide dismutase; SRA, scavenger receptor A; SRF, serum reaction factor; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-beta 1.
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