Research Article
Chemical Characterization of Major and Minor Compounds of Nut Oils: Almond, Hazelnut, and Pecan Nut
Table 2
Fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of sweet almond, hazelnut, and pecan nut oil laboratory and commercial samples.
| | Sample | Ext. sweet
almond oil | Com. sweet
almond oil | Ext.
hazelnut oil | Com.
hazelnut oil | Extr. pecan
nut oil | Com. pecan
nut oil |
| | Fatty acid composition % area |
| | Lauric - 12:0 | 0.02 | 0.00 | ND | — | ND | — | ND | — | ND | — | ND | — | | Miristic - 14:0 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | | Pentadecanoic - 15:0 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | | Palmitic - 16:0 | 6.60 | 0.08 | 6.62 | 0.02 | 5.57 | 0.04 | 5.55 | 0.01 | 5.61 | 0.07 | 5.57 | 0.02 | | Palmitoleic ω9 - 16:1 ω9 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | | Palmitoleic ω7 - 16:1 ω7 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | | Palmitoleic ω11 - 16:1 ω11 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ND | — | ND | — | | Margaric - 17:0 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | | Margaroleic - 17:1 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | | Stearic - 18:0 | 1.34 | 0.02 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 2.48 | 0.01 | 1.85 | 0.02 | 2.87 | 0.02 | 2.58 | 0.01 | | Oleic ω9 - 18:1 ω9 | 60.22 | 0.59 | 59.70 | 0.20 | 80.64 | 0.12 | 78.34 | 0.10 | 67.55 | 0.22 | 70.96 | 0.01 | | Oleic ω7 - 18:1 ω7 | 1.17 | 0.86 | 1.69 | 0.06 | 1.44 | 0.06 | 1.80 | 0.10 | 1.31 | 0.08 | 1.22 | 0.02 | | Oleic ω11 - 18:1 ω11 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.27 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.04 | | Linoleic trans - 18:2 t | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | | Linoleic - 18:2 ω6 | 29.58 | 0.13 | 29.54 | 0.14 | 8.76 | 0.02 | 11.53 | 0.06 | 20.67 | 0.06 | 17.97 | 0.08 | | Linoleic isomer - 18:2 | ND | — | ND | — | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.01 | | Linolenic - 18:3 ω3 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.70 | 0.01 | | Arachidic - 20:0 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.00 | | Gondoic - 20:1 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.00 | | Behenic - 22:0 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | | Lignoceric - 24:0 | ND | — | 0.01 | 0.00 | ND | — | ND | — | ND | — | 0.01 | 0.00 |
| | Triacylglycerol composition % area |
| | LLL | ECN 42 | 2.88 | 0.07 | 2.93 | 0.04 | 0.90 | 0.02 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 2.63 | 0.03 | 2.19 | 0.08 | | OLLn + PoLL | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.29 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 0.01 | 0.58 | 0.04 | | PLLn | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.02 | ND | — | ND | — | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.17 | 0.03 | | OLL | ECN 44 | 18.05 | 0.07 | 18.04 | 0.45 | 3.42 | 0.65 | 4.55 | 0.03 | 9.71 | 0.20 | 8.33 | 0.05 | | OOLn + PoOL | 0.49 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.13 | 0.57 | 0.12 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.99 | 0.05 | 1.02 | 0.21 | | PLL + PoPoO | 2.49 | 0.01 | 2.29 | 0.23 | 0.63 | 0.20 | 0.55 | 0.01 | 1.74 | 0.09 | 1.67 | 0.26 | | POLn + PPoPo + PPoL | 0.38 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.03 | ND | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.01 | | OOL + LnPP | ECN 46 | 26.34 | 0.17 | 26.76 | 0.16 | 14.04 | 0.79 | 18.89 | 0.33 | 23.24 | 0.28 | 21.11 | 0.26 | | PoOO + SLL + PLO | 10.75 | 0.17 | 10.78 | 0.20 | 3.55 | 0.10 | 3.60 | 0.26 | 6.03 | 0.16 | 5.99 | 0.40 | | PoOP + SPoL + POLn + SPoPo | 0.34 | 0.06 | 0.34 | 0.01 | 0.42 | 0.17 | 0.57 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.26 | | PLP + OOO + PoPP | ECN 48 | 27.39 | 0.29 | 27.21 | 0.26 | 55.68 | 2.22 | 53.63 | 0.04 | 38.75 | 0.11 | 42.89 | 0.69 | | SOL | 1.96 | 0.05 | 1.89 | 0.26 | 13.41 | 0.32 | 12.05 | 0.12 | 2.60 | 0.14 | 2.19 | 0.19 | | POO | 7.00 | 0.29 | 6.96 | 0.14 | ND | — | 0.33 | 0.00 | 8.12 | 0.16 | 8.51 | 0.20 | | POP | ECN 50 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.02 | 1.08 | 0.54 | 0.57 | 0.01 | 0.50 | 0.05 | 1.12 | 0.07 | | SOO | 1.40 | 0.05 | 1.53 | 0.17 | 5.68 | 0.88 | 3.66 | 0.02 | 4.07 | 0.27 | 3.35 | 0.10 | | POS + SSL | ECN 52 | ND | — | ND | 0.00 | 0.53 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.32 | 0.03 |
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Bold numbers: mean; normal numbers: standard deviation; ND: not detected; Ext.: extracted; Com.: commercial; P: palmitic acid; Po: palmitoleic acid; S: stearic acid; O: oleic acid; L: linoleic acid; Ln: linolenic acid.
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