Alkaline Ionic Liquid Modified Pd/C Catalyst as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Table 1

The effect of catalyst dosage on the HMF oxidation.

Entry	Catalyst dosage (mg)	HMF conversion (%)	HFCA yield (%)	FFCA yield (%)	FDCA yield (%)
1	0	8.10	—	—	—
2	20	80.78	66.52	8.36	5.54
3	40	100	26.61	11.13	61.52
4	60	100	35.48	4.73	59.54
5	80	100	30.64	—	45.89

conditions: Pd/C-OH⁻, HMF (10 mg), H₂O (4 g), 353 K, and 12 h.