Alkaline Ionic Liquid Modified Pd/C Catalyst as an Efficient Catalyst for Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Table 2

The effect of reaction temperature on the HMF oxidation.

Entry	Reaction temperature (K)	HMF conversion (%)	HFCA yield (%)	FFCA yield (%)	FDCA yield (%)
1	313	83.12	43.46	3.75	35.50
2	333	100	40.97	8.44	50.52
3	353	100	26.61	11.13	61.52
4	373	100	9.76	12.81	76.79
5	393	100	—	—	78.55

conditions: Pd/C-OH⁻ (40 mg), HMF (10 mg), H₂O (4 g), and 12 h.