Journal of Chemistry

Research Article

Human Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana

Table 2

Concentrations, EDI, and health risk estimation for OCP residues detected in vegetables from Ayigya.
SamplePesticideMean ± SD (µg/kg)EU/WHO MRL (µg/kg)ADIEDI HIHR
Cabbageβ-HCH0.20 ± 0.011034.57 × 10−3Adult1.52 × 10−4No
    3.43 × 10−3Child9.13 × 10−4No
γ-HCH1.40 ± 0.411033.20 × 10−3Adult1.07 × 10−3No
    1.92 × 10−2Child6.39 × 10−3No
δ-HCH1.50 ± 1.811033.43 × 10−3Adult1.14 × 10−3No
    2.06 × 10−2Child6.85 × 10−3No
p,p′-DDT5.67 ± 0.4450201.29 × 10−2Adult6.47 × 10−4No
    7.77 × 10−2Child3.88 × 10−3No
Endosulfan sulfate28.47 ± 2.681066.50 × 10−2Adult1.08 × 10−2No
    3.90 × 10−1Child6.50 × 10−2No
Methoxychlor184.10 ± 12.111054.20 × 10−1Adult8.41 × 10−2No
    2.52 × 101Child5.04 × 10−1No
Lettuceγ-HCH9.54 ± 0.021032.18 × 10−2Adult7.26 × 10−3No
    1.31 × 10−1Child4.36 × 10−2No
Heptachlor2.29 ± 0.14100.15.23 × 10−3Adult5.23 × 10−2No
    3.14 × 10−2Child3.14 × 10−1No
Aldrin22.66 ± 0.15100.25.17 × 10−2Adult2.59 × 10−1No
    3.10 × 10−1Child1.55 × 100Yes
α-Endosulfan0.60 ± 0.281061.37 × 10−3Adult2.28 × 10−4No
    8.22 × 10−3Child1.37 × 10−3No
Dieldrin1.49 ± 0.14100.23.40 × 10−3Adult1.70 × 10−2No
    2.04 × 10−2Child1.07 × 10−1No
Endrin1.69 ± 0.42100.23.86 × 10−3Adult1.93 × 10−2No
    2.32 × 10−2Child1.16 × 10−1No
p,p′-DDT9.34 ± 0.2250202.13 × 10−2Adult1.07 × 10−3No
    1.28 × 10−1Child6.40 × 10−3No
Methoxychlor165.21 ± 12.651053.77 × 10−1Adult7.54 × 10−2No
    2.26 × 101Child4.53 × 10−1No
Onionδ-HCH0.78 ± 0.231031.78 × 10−3Adult5.94 × 10−4No
    1.07 × 10−2Child3.56 × 10−3No
Soilβ-HCH3.73 ± 1.83——————
Aldrin1.20 ± 0.57——————
p,p′-DDT50.25 ± 2.24——————
Methoxychlor15.40 ± 3.95——————
GroundwaterAldrin1.00 ± 0.180.03—————
p,p′-DDT2.80 ± 1.932.00—————
Note: mean ± standard deviation of 3 determinations; above the EU/WHO MRL; for groundwater, WHO MRLs were used; for vegetables, EU MRLs were used; —, not applicable.