Human Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana
Table 5
Concentration, EDI, and health risk estimation for OCP residues detected in vegetables from Kentinkrono.
Sample
Pesticide
Mean ± SD (µg/kg)
EU/WHO MRL (µg/kg)
ADI
EDI
HI
HR
Cabbage
β-HCH
35.20 ± 0.35
10
3
8.04 × 10−2
Adult
2.68 × 10−2
No
4.82 × 10−1
Child
1.61 × 10−1
No
δ-HCH
9.53 ± 0.28
10
3
2.18 × 10−2
Adult
7.25 × 10−3
No
1.31 × 10−1
Child
4.35 × 10−2
No
p,p′-DDT
31.73 ± 0.07
50
20
7.25 × 10−2
Adult
3.62 × 10−3
No
4.35 × 10−1
Child
2.17 × 10−2
No
Lettuce
γ-HCH
7.16 ± 0.14
10
3
1.63 × 10−2
Adult
5.45 × 10−3
No
9.81 × 10−2
Child
3.27 × 10−2
No
Heptachlor
1.08 ± 0.14
10
0.1
2.47 × 10−3
Adult
2.47 × 10−2
No
1.48 × 10−2
Child
1.48 × 10−1
No
Aldrin
23.92 ± 0.28
10
0.2
5.46 × 10−2
Adult
2.73 × 10−1
No
3.28 × 10−1
Child
1.64 × 100
Yes
Dieldrin
4.22 ± 1.25
10
0.2
9.64 × 10−3
Adult
4.82 × 10−2
No
5.78 × 10−2
Child
2.89 × 10−1
No
Endrin
1.47 ± 0.14
10
0.2
3.36 × 10−3
Adult
1.68 × 10−2
No
2.01 × 10−2
Child
1.01 × 10−1
No
p,p′-DDT
4.51 ± 0.83
50
20
1.03 × 10−2
Adult
5.15 × 10−4
No
6.18 × 10−2
Child
3.09 × 10−3
No
Methoxychlor
57.75 ± 25.93
10
5
1.32 × 10−1
Adult
2.64 × 10−2
No
7.91 × 10−1
Child
1.58 × 10−1
No
Onion
β-HCH
4.07 ± 2.67
10
3
9.29 × 10−3
Adult
3.10 × 10−3
No
5.58 × 10−2
Child
1.86 × 10−1
No
Endosulfan sulfate
2.18 ± 3.20
10
6
4.98 × 10−3
Adult
8.30 × 10−4
No
2.99 × 10−2
Child
4.98 × 10−3
No
Methoxychlor
88.29 ± 9.02
10
5
2.02 × 10−1
Adult
4.03 × 10−2
No
1.21 × 101
Child
2.42 × 10−1
No
Soil
β-HCH
16.30 ± 1.69
—
—
—
—
—
—
Aldrin
5.46 ± 2.02
—
—
—
—
—
—
p,p′-DDT
34.59 ± 2.33
—
—
—
—
—
—
Methoxychlor
3.41 ± 0.81
—
—
—
—
—
—
Groundwater
β-HCH
1.03 ± 0.01
2.00
—
—
—
—
—
p,p′-DDT
2.07 ± 0.03
2.00
—
—
—
—
—
Methoxychlor
1.53 ± 0.00
20.00
—
—
—
—
—
Note: mean ± standard deviation of 3 determinations; above the EU/WHO MRL; for groundwater, WHO MRLs were used; for vegetables, EU MRLs were used; —, not applicable.
