Human Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Vegetables from Kumasi, Ghana
Table 6
Concentration, EDI, and health risk estimation for OCP residues detected in vegetables from Anglican Hostel.
Sample
Pesticide
Mean ± SD (µg/kg)
EU/WHO MRL (µg/kg)
ADI
EDI
HI
HR
Cabbage
β-HCH
14.76 ± 3.57
10
3
3.37 × 10−2
Adult
1.12 × 10−2
No
2.02 × 10−1
Child
6.74 × 10−2
No
δ-HCH
7.91 ± 0.02
10
3
1.81 × 10−2
Adult
6.02 × 10−3
No
1.08 × 10−1
Child
3.61 × 10−2
No
p,p′-DDT
10.29 ± 0.07
50
20
2.35 × 10−2
Adult
1.17 × 10−3
No
1.41 × 10−1
Child
7.05 × 10−3
No
Methoxychlor
9.02 ± 0.65
10
5
2.06 × 10−2
Adult
4.12 × 10−3
No
1.24 × 10−1
Child
2.47 × 10−2
No
Lettuce
p,p′-DDT
2.20 ± 0.02
50
20
5.02 × 10−3
Adult
2.51 × 10−4
No
3.01 × 10−2
Child
1.51 × 10−3
No
γ-HCH
16.82 ± 4.80
10
3
3.84 × 10−2
Adult
1.28 × 10−2
No
2.30 × 10−1
Child
7.68 × 10−2
No
δ-HCH
5.23 ± 0.09
10
3
1.19 × 10−2
Adult
3.98 × 10−3
No
7.17 × 10−2
Child
2.39 × 10−2
No
Aldrin
21.78 ± 1.19
10
0.2
4.97 × 10−2
Adult
2.49 × 10−1
No
2.98 × 10−1
Child
1.49 × 100
Yes
Onion
Dieldrin
0.19 ± 0.13
10
0.2
4.34 × 10−4
Adult
2.17 × 10−3
No
2.60 × 10−3
Child
1.30 × 10−2
No
Endrin
1.21 ± 0.10
10
0.2
2.76 × 10−3
Adult
1.38 × 10−2
No
1.66 × 10−2
Child
8.29 × 10−2
No
p,p′-DDT
4.49 ± 1.45
50
20
1.03 × 10−2
Adult
5.13 × 10−4
No
6.15 × 10−2
Child
3.08 × 10−3
No
Methoxychlor
40.19 ± 2.38
10
5
9.18 × 10−2
Adult
1.84 × 10−2
No
5.51 × 10−1
Child
1.10 × 10−1
No
Soil
γ-HCH
0.09 ± 0.01
—
—
—
—
—
—
β-HCH
5.60 ± 3.27
—
—
—
—
—
—
p,p′-DDT
55.27 ± 6.91
—
—
—
—
—
—
Methoxychlor
58.30 ± 3.11
—
—
—
—
—
—
Groundwater
β-HCH
0.50 ± 0.00
2.00
—
—
—
—
—
p,p′-DDT
3.82 ± 0.02
2.00
—
—
—
—
—
Note: mean ± standard deviation of 3 determinations; above the EU/WHO MRL; for groundwater, WHO MRLs were used; for vegetables, EU MRLs were used; —, not applicable.
