Highly Active Low Cobalt Content-Based Bulk MoS₂ Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts with a Unique Impact of H₂S

Table 1

Activities of the catalysts towards the HDS of dibenzothiophene.

Catalyst	Co/(Co + Mo) atomic ratio	Level of H2S^a	HDS activity (sec^–1 g·cat.^−1·10^−4)	Individual activity (sec^−1 g·cat.^−1·10^−4)			Products at 50% conversion level
							BP	CB	H4-DBT
AHS-G	—	L	24	10	14	1.4	23	25	2
		H	77	15	62	4.0	8	29	13
ATS	—	L	9	3.9	4.8	1.2	23	24	3
		H	38	6.7	31.4	4.7	8	28	14
CoMo/Al2O3^e	0.27	L	211^d	191	20	0.1	46	3	1
		H	128^d	112	16	0.14	43	6	1
C-AHSG-I	0.02	H	38	21	17	0.8	29	16	5
C-AHSG-II	0.23	L	17	14	3	0.2	43	6	1
		H	33	20	13	0.7	28	17	5
C-ATS-I	0.05	L	184	127	57	0.4	37	12	1
		H	352	194	158	0.8	27	18	5
MPC	0.40	L	1.8^f	1.6	0.2	0.12	43	6	1
	—	H	2.6^f	1.8	0.8	0.4	37	12	1
CS	—	H	1.6^f	0.8	0.8	1	24	22	4

^aLevel of H₂S: low (L) and high (H) denote pressures of ca. 3 and 20 kPa, respectively. ^bApparent rate constant for the direct desulfurization route, 1st order. ^cApparent rate constant for the hydrogenation route, 1st order. ^dNormalized to the metal sulfide content. ^eCommercial catalyst Co, 3.2%, and Mo, 13.7%, in terms of the weight percent. ^fPseudo-zero-order rate constant, × 10¹⁷ molecule/(g·S). The uncertainty was within ±5–10%.