Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Pericarps and an Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Activity on Xanthine Oxidase
Table 1
Yields of saponins, ANOVA results, and regression analysis of the Plackett–Buran design data for the prediction of significant extraction variables.a
Run
A
B
C
D
E
F
Yield (mg/g)
Actual
Predicted
1
540 (+1)
15 (+1)
10 (−1)
80 (+1)
3 (+1)
80–100 (+1)
241.17
226.38
2
230 (−1)
5 (−1)
10 (−1)
40 (−1)
1 (−1)
40–60 (−1)
160.00
151.90
3
540 (+1)
5 (−1)
10 (−1)
40 (−1)
3 (+1)
40–60 (−1)
190.50
195.29
4
540 (+1)
5 (−1)
20 (+1)
80 (+1)
3 (+1)
40–60 (−1)
218.50
218.68
5
230 (−1)
5 (−1)
10 (−1)
80 (+1)
1 (−1)
80–100 (+1)
143.17
145.96
6
540 (+1)
15 (+1)
20 (+1)
40 (−1)
1 (−1)
40–60 (−1)
261.17
258.99
7
230 (−1)
15 (+1)
10 (−1)
80 (+1)
3 (+1)
40–60 (−1)
175.83
185.65
8
540 (+1)
5 (−1)
20 (+1)
80 (+1)
1 (−1)
80–100 (+1)
209.50
216.01
9
540 (+1)
15 (+1)
10 (−1)
40 (−1)
1 (−1)
80–100 (+1)
224.17
229.65
10
230 (−1)
5 (−1)
20 (+1)
40 (−1)
3 (+1)
80–100 (+1)
197.17
190.99
11
230 (−1)
15 (+1)
20 (+1)
80 (+1)
1 (−1)
40–60 (−1)
216.83
212.32
12
230 (−1)
15 (+1)
20 (+1)
40 (−1)
3 (+1)
80–100 (+1)
221.83
228.01
ANOVA
Source
Sum of squares
Degree of freedom
Mean square
F value
P Value
Inference
Model
11841.02
6
1973.50
16.85
0.0035
Residual
517585.64
5
117.13
Cor. totalb
12426.66
11
Regression data
Term
Effect
Coefficient
Standard error
F Value
T Value
P Value
Inference
A
38.36
19.18
3.12
37.69
6.15
0.0017
B
37.03
18.51
3.12
35.12
5.93
0.0020
C
31.69
15.85
3.12
25.73
5.08
0.0039
D
−8.31
−4.15
3.12
1.77
−1.33
0.2412
E
5.03
2.51
3.12
0.65
0.80
0.4576
F
2.36
1.18
3.12
0.14
0.38
0.7210
T-value limit
2.57
Value of Bonferroni limit
4.88
aThe results were obtained with Design Expert 8.0 software. A is the microwave power, B is the microwave time, C is the solvent-solid ratio, D is the ethanol concentration, E is the soaking time and F is the particle size. bTotals of all information corrected for the mean; , significant; , highly significant; , extremely significant.
