Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Pericarps and an Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Activity on Xanthine Oxidase
Table 2
Experimental design matrix for the Box–Behnken design to screen for variables that determine the yield of saponins and the ANOVA results.a
Saponins
No.
A
B
C
Yield (mg/g)
ANOVA
Actual
Predicted
Source
Sum of squares
Degree of freedom
Mean square
F value
P value
1
230 (−1)
10 (0)
9 (−1)
165.86
166.49
Modelb
27974
9
3108.27
146.4729
<0.0001∗∗∗
2
385 (0)
5 (−1)
15 (+1)
247.71
245.48
A
8451
1
8451.30
398.s2554
<0.0001∗∗∗
3
540 (+1)
15 (+1)
12 (0)
239.83
243.095
B
2610
1
2610.03
122.994
<0.0001∗∗∗
4
540 (+1)
5 (−1)
12 (0)
220.57
223.43
C
680
1
679.70
32.02982
0.0008∗∗∗
5
230 (−1)
15 (+1)
12 (0)
197.41
194.55
AB
271
1
270.93
12.76726
0.0091∗∗
6
385 (0)
5 (−1)
9 (−1)
225.45
228.085
AC
1
1
0.76
0.035668
0.8556
7
385 (0)
10 (0)
12 (0)
272.13
272.282
BC
1
1
1.08
0.050969
0.8278
8
385 (0)
15 (+1)
9 (−1)
260.94
263.17
A2
14588
1
14587.86
687.4321
<0.0001∗∗∗
9
385 (0)
10 (0)
12 (0)
269.05
272.282
B2
675
1
674.95
31.80611
0.0008∗∗∗
10
540 (+1)
10 (0)
15 (+1)
250.56
249.93
C2
96
1
96.04
4.525882
0.0709
11
385 (0)
10 (0)
12 (0)
274.63
272.282
Residual
149
7
21.22
12
540 (+1)
10 (0)
9 (−1)
237.86
232.365
Lack of fit
123
3
40.90
6.32863
0.0534
13
230 (−1)
5 (-1)
12 (0)
145.23
141.965
Pure error
26
4
6.46
14
385 (0)
15 (+1)
15 (+1)
285.28
282.645
Cor. totalc
28123
16
15
230 (−1)
10 (0)
15 (+1)
180.3
185.795
Credibility analysis of the regression equations
16
385 (0)
10 (0)
12 (0)
270.64
272.282
Std. Dev.d
Mean
C.V.e %
Press
R2
Adjust. R2
Predicted R2
Adequacy precision
17
385 (0)
10 (0)
12 (0)
274.96
272.282
4.61
236.38
1.95
2003.52
0.9947
0.9879
0.9288
39.8177
aThe results were obtained using Design Expert 8.0 software; bA is the microwave power, B is the microwave time, C is the solvent-solid ratio; , significant; , highly significant; , extremely significant. cTotals of all information corrected for the mean; dstandard deviation; ecoefficient of variation.
