Kinetics, Isotherm, Thermodynamics, and Recyclability of Exfoliated Graphene-Decorated MnFe₂O₄ Nanocomposite Towards Congo Red Dye

Table 1

Kinetic parameters of the CR adsorption models over EG@MnFe₂O_4.

Kinetic models	Parameters	Concentration (mg/L)
		20	30	40	50	60
Pseudo-first-order	k1 (min^−1/(mg/L)^1/n)	0.0152	0.01695	0.01519	0.01920	0.01365
	Q1 (mg/g)	6.92	10.82	15.43	24.71	18.98
	R^2	0.8396	0.8380	0.9635	0.8622	0.9749
Pseudo-second-order	k2 10^4 (g/(mg·min))	1.838	1.181	0.738	0.581	0.404
	Q2 (mg/g)	29.61	36.10	46.51	53.82	57.54
	H = k2Q2^2	6.2065	6.4960	6.2657	5.914	7.471
	R^2	0.9997	0.9992	0.9991	0.9974	0.9987
Elovich	β (g/mg)	0.32	0.29	0.20	0.18	0.17
	α (mg/(g·min))	214.27	597.31	210.61	346.76	477.96
	R^2	0.8489	0.8870	0.9128	0.9683	0.9705
Bangham	kB (mL/(g/L))	0.0440	0.0373	0.0297	0.0289	0.0263
	αB	0.2280	0.1717	0.1974	0.1742	0.1631
	R^2	0.8453	0.8578	0.8707	0.9571	0.9512