Using Electrode Made of Carbon Nanotubes and Bismuth Oxide for the Determination of Metal Concentration by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Table 1

Various Bi precursor-modified and Bi₂O₃-modified carbon electrodes for analysis of Cd(II), Pb (II), and In(III).

Electrode material	Voltammetric	Studied ions	LOD	Linear range	Reference
Bi2O3/SPE	SW-ASV	Pb	5 μg·L^−1 (at pH = 1.2)	5–150 μg·L^−1 (at pH = 1.2)	[28]
			10 μg·L^−1 (at pH = 4.5)	10–150 μg·L^−1 (at pH = 4.5)
		Cd	2.5 μg·L^−1 (at pH = 1.2)	5–150 μg·L^−1 (at pH = 1.2)
			5 μg·L^−1 (at pH = 4.5)	10–150 μg·L^−1 (at pH = 4.5)
Bi2O3/SPE	SW-ASV	Pb	2 μg·L^−1	50–300 μg·L^−1	[29]
Bi2O3/SPE	DP-ASV	Pb	1.0 μg·L^−1		[30]
		Cd	2.0 μg·L^−1
Bi2O3/SPE	SW-ASV	Pb	2.3 μg·L^−1	20–100 μg·L^−1	[31]
		Cd	1.5 μg·L^−1	20–100 μg·L^−1
Bi2O3/SPE	SW-ASV	Pb	1.1 μg·L^−1	0–80 μg·L^−1	[32]
		Cd	2.1 μg·L^−1	0–160 μg·L^−1
Bi2O3/SPE	SW-ASV	Pb	5 μg·L^−1		[33]
		Cd	5 μg·L^−1
BONPs-IL/CPE	SW-ASV	Pb	0.21 μg·L^−1	3–30 μg·L^−1	[34]
		Cd	0.15 μg·L^−1
BiOCl/MWCNT-GCE	SW-ASV	Pb	1.9 μg·L^−1		[35]
		Cd	4 μg·L^−1
Bi2O3/MWCNT-CPE	DP-ASV	Pb	0.26 μg·L^−1	1.5–20 μg·L^−1	This study
		Cd	0.22 μg·L^−1	1.5–20 μg·L^−1
		In	0.65 μg·L^−1	2.5–20 μg·L^−1

SPE: screen printed electrode; GCE: glassy carbon electrode; SW-ASV: square wave anodic stripping voltammetry; BONP: bismuth oxide nanoparticle; IL: ionic liquid; BiOCl: bismuth-oxychloride.