Kraft Lignin Conversion into Energy Carriers under the Action of Electromagnetic Radiation

Table 1

Material balance of kraft lignin conversion.

Number	Content of active ingredients (wt.%)	Gas atmosphere	Liquid product (wt.%)	Gaseous products (wt.%)	Solid residue (wt.%)	Hydrogen recovery rate α (H2) (%)	H2/CO
Kraft lignin + sorbent, microwave
1	0	CO2	22.1	23.5	54.4	75.5	0.6
2	0	Ar	41.7	13.3	45.0	77.1	1.4
Kraft lignin + catalyst + sorbent, microwave
3	1.45 Ni	CO2	8.3	48.5	43.1	85.6	1.0
4	1.45 Ni	Ar	37.4	14.3	48.3	82.3	0.8
Kraft lignin + catalyst, microwave
5	0.1 Fe	Ar	3.2	56.8	40.0	88.6	0.9
6	0.1 Fe	CO2	3.5	54.2	42.3	87.7	0.8
7	0.1 Fe + 1.5 Ni	CO2	3.3	56.4	40.3	90.0	0.8
Convective heating
8	0	CO2	38.9	19.3	41.8	83.5	0.2
9	1.5 Ni	CO2	39.9	16.3	43.9	86.6	0.5