The Level of Heavy Metal Contamination in Selected Vegetables and Animal Feed Grasses Grown in Wastewater Irrigated Area, around Asmara, Eritrea

Table 3

Mean concentrations of heavy metals in selected animal feed grasses in mg·kg⁻¹ and maximum permissible limits (MPL) of some heavy metals in animal feeds.

Heavy metals
	Al	Cd	Co	Cr	Cu	Fe	Mn	Mo	Pb	V	Zn
Med_AS	1157.1 ± 5.91	0.22 ± 0.00	1.10 ± 0.05	4.95 ± 0.00	11.31 ± 0.01	1384.0 ± 1.17	48.68 ± 0.34	1.69 ± 0.12	4.64 ± 0.29	3.59 ± 0.02	38.14 ± 1.84
Med_P	535.43 ± 1.00	0.16 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.01	1.85 ± 0.03	9.90 ± 1.07	652.24 ± 0.03	35.39 ± 0.08	2.86 ± 0.06	1.91 ± 0.10	1.78 ± 0.03	39.28 ± 1.02
Med_K	553.99 ± 0.66	0.18 ± 0.03	0.9 ± 0.01	1.61 ± 0.01	12.7 ± 0.07	602.75 ± 5.01	55.06 ± 0.39	1.01 ± 0.03	3.3 ± 0.61	1.43 ± 0.02	30.17 ± 2.82
Ave_AS	1178.8 ± 4.99	0.16 ± 0.03	0.86 ± 0.06	4.08 ± 0.04	13.5 ± 0.08	1263.9 ± 3.85	36.6 ± 0.79	2.21 ± 0.03	4.53 ± 0.53	3.07 ± 0.00	35.1 ± 1.50
Ave_P	1838.2 ± 44.42	0.12 ± 0.02	1.40 ± 0.04	9.96 ± 0.19	14.1 ± 0.26	2023.3 ± 35.07	52.3 ± 1.65	3.87 ± 0.10	4.74 ± 0.62	5.02 ± 0.14	34.2 ± 2.01
Ave_K	746.02 ± 3.94	0.06 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.01	1.98 ± 0.01	9.49 ± 0.22	713.07 ± 2.91	24.6 ± 0.70	2.38 ± 0.13	2.71 ± 0.43	1.57 ± 0.04	15.3 ± 2.01
Cyd_AS	950.60 ± 1.14	0.05 ± 0.01	1.07 ± 0.05	4.32 ± 0.06	14.26 ± 0.15	1138.82 ± 5.79	64.02 ± 0.74	0.37 ± 0.04	3.62 ± 0.65	2.68 ± 0.06	45.55 ± 0.98
Cyd_P	865.34 ± 14.45	0.13 ± 0.01	0.67 ± 0.01	4.16 ± 0.06	13.88 ± 0.06	1131.04 ± 3.11	39.40 ± 0.69	0.32 ± 0.01	4.30 ± 0.17	2.55 ± 0.06	55.21 ± 0.22
Cyd_K	363.74 ± 13.27	0.08 ± 0.02	0.69 ± 0.03	1.50 ± 0.06	16.87 ± 2.51	457.30 ± 9.04	66.90 ± 1.12	0.62 ± 0.08	1.84 ± 0.68	1.09 ± 0.06	44.6 ± 1.53
Cor_AS	1391.8 ± 14.18	0.18 ± 0.01	1.0 ± 0.03	5.34 ± 0.27	9.81 ± 0.70	1587.8 ± 8.24	41.97 ± 0.41	1.78 ± 0.08	4.15 ± 0.24	4.25 ± 0.05	78.33 ± 1.11
Cyn_P	1144.9 ± 8.71	0.21 ± 0.03	0.98 ± 0.01	3.98 ± 0.09	9.35 ± 0.64	1416.7 ± 8.44	33.15 ± 0.39	0.52 ± 0.03	5.89 ± 0.38	3.85 ± 0.09	24.16 ± 0.39
MPL	1000	10	40	1000	40	1000^b	1000	40	40	40	1000

Source for the MPL: [33] and ^b[28]. med: M. sativa, ave: A. sativa, cyd: C. dactylon, cor: C. olitorius, and cyn: C. scholymus.