Synthesis, Characterization, and DNA-Binding Kinetics of New Pd(II) and Pt(II) Thiosemicarbazone Complexes: Spectral, Structural, and Anticancer Evaluation

Table 4

Comparison of binding constants (K_b) and Gibbs free energy values for the complexes-DNA interactions derived from UV spectrophotometric data at pH 7.21 with other reported intercalators.

Complex	Mode of binding	Binding constant, Kb (M^−1)	Gibbs free energy, ΔG (kJ mol^−1)	References
C1	Intercalative	3.7031 × 10^4	−26.03	CW
C2	Intercalative	3.403 × 10^3	−20.15	CW
C3	Intercalative	1.7298 × 10^4	−24.18	CW
C4	Intercalative	1.8962 × 10^4	−24.04	CW
Ethidium bromide	Intercalative	1.4 × 10^6	−35.06	[27]
Lumazine	Intercalative	1.74 × 10^4	−24.19	[28]
Epirubicin	Intercalative	3.4 × 10^4	−25.85	[29]
Proflavine	Intercalative	2.32 × 10^4	−24.90	[29]

CW = current work.