An Investigation on Effectiveness of Grafted Potato Starch as an Adsorbent for Hard Water Treatment

Table 2

Adsorption kinetic parameters for pseudo-first- and second-order kinetic models.

Hardness (mg/L)	Pseudo-first-order kinetic model			Pseudo-second-order kinetic model
	qe, cal (mg/g)	K1 (min^−1)	R^2	qe, cal (mg/g)	K2 (g mg^−1min^−1)	R^2
200	1.413	−8.2612	0.652	0.369	0.369	0.996
250	1.292	−7.2428	0.659	0.403	0.403	0.994
300	1.223	−4.0870	0.607	0.522	0.522	0.994