Synthesis of Novel Diclofenac Hydrazones: Molecular Docking, Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, and Ulcerogenic Activity

Table 1

Effect of compounds on carrageenan-induced paw edema in albino rats.

Treatments (n = 6)	Dose mg/kg	Before treatment	Mean increase in paw volume
			1 hour			2 hours			3 hours
			Mean ± SE	Net	% change	Mean ± SE	Net	% change	Mean ± SE	Net	% Change
Carrageenan		1.10 ± 0.01	1.70 ± 0.01	0.60 ± 0.006		1.70 ± 0.01	0.60 ± 0.01		1.66 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.01
Diclofenac	10	1.11 ± 0.01	1.45 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.02	44.35	1.33 ± 0.01	0.21 ± 0.005	64.56	1.29 ± 0.009	0.17 ± 0.01	69.02
1	14.46	1.10 ± 0.01	1.69 ± 0.008	0.58 ± 0.01	2.75	1.64 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.02	10.71	1.56 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.02	18.28
2	15.47	1.12 ± 0.008	1.54 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.008	29.75	1.41 ± 0.04	0.29 ± 0.04	51.09	1.36 ± 0.02	0.24 ± 0.02	56.93
3	15.47	1.11 ± 0.01	1.49 ± 0.009	0.38 ± 0.006	36.91	1.39 ± 0.009	0.28 ± 0.01	53.84	1.33 ± 0.01	0.21 ± 0.01	61.65
4	15	1.11 ± 0.01	1.55 ± 0.01	0.44 ± 0.01	26.72	1.57 ± 0.01	0.46 ± 0.07	23.62	1.57 ± 0.01	0.46 ± 0.01	17.99
5	15.47	1.11 ± 0.01	1.68 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.007	6.88	1.65 ± 0.01	0.53 ± 0.007	11.53	1.55 ± 0.01	0.44 ± 0.009	21.82
6	14.6	1.09 ± 0.01	1.68 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.01	3.58	1.60 ± 0.01	0.50 ± 0.01	16.75	1.51 ± 0.01	0.42±±0.01	25.36
7	15.47	1.11 ± 0.01	1.54 ± 0.01	0.43 ± 0.01	28.92	1.46 ± 0.02	0.35 ± 0.01	42.30	1.38 ± 0.01	0.26 ± 0.01	53.39
8	16	1.11 ± 0.01	1.44 ± 0.01	0.33 ± 0.004	45.17	1.35 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	60.16	1.31 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01	65.48
9	16.5	1.10 ± 0.01	1.66 ± 0.02	0.56 ± 0.01	7.43	1.62 ± 0.02	0.52 ± 0.01	14.01	1.59 ± 0.01	0.49 ± 0.008	12.68
10	16.5	1.12 ± 0.01	1.70 ± 0.008	0.58 ± 0.008	3.85	1.68 ± 0.01	0.56±±0.01	7.69	1.62 ± 0.01	0.50 ± 0.01	11.20
11	16	1.13 ± 0.01	1.54 ± 0.01	0.40 ± 0.01	33.05	1.46 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.01	46.42	1.38 ± 0.009	0.24 ± 0.01	56.34
12	14.5	1.11 ± 0.01	1.70 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.007	3.03	1.65 ± 0.01	0.53 ± 0.01	12.08	1.56 ± 0.01	0.44 ± 0.01	21.53
13	14.5	1.11 ± 0.01	1.58 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.01	23.41	1.42 ± 0.0	0.31 ± 0.01	48.90	1.36 ± 0.01	0.24 ± 0.01	56.63
14	15	1.09 ± 0.01	1.59 ± 0.008	0.50 ± 0.008	17.07	1.61 ± 0.01	0.51 ± 0.007	15.10	1.51 ± 0.01	0.41 ± 0.02	25.95

All values represent mean ± SEM. ; ; , followed by Student’s t-test.