A Comprehensive Review on Thermal Coconversion of Biomass, Sludge, Coal, and Their Blends Using Thermogravimetric Analysis

Table 3

Elemental and chemical composition of product obtained from coal, lignocellulosic biomass, sludge, and their blends.

Sample name	Volatile matter (%)	Fixed carbon (%)	Ash (%)	Calorific value (MJ/kg)	C (%)	H (%)	O (%)	N (%)	Ref.
Apricot stone biochar	19.83	71.70	8.47	30.76					[81]
Hazelnut shell biochar	30.26	63.16	6.58	29.08
Grapeseed biochar	39.45	50.96	9.50	26.73
Chestnut shell biochar	34.32	60.32	5.36	25.86
Microalgae + sewage sludge + coal mixtures					9.80–15.89		17.24–53.65		[82]
(Bituminous coal + peanut shell) biochar	45.12–8.46	41.81–71.23	9.53–12.03	23.99–28.79	61.72–79.99	4.64–1.83	21.38–2.07	0.28–0.20	[83]
(Bituminous coal + wheat straw) biochar	35.65–8.67	53.36–77.99	8.15–11.82	16.82–24.07	49.81–70.29	3.99–1.98	36.39–14.95	1.04–0.45
Sewage sludge biochar	43.9–12.5	4.1–2.7	52–84.1	—	25.7–9.4	2.8–0.3	66.8–89.5	4.7–1.1	[84]
(Sewage sludge + rice husk) biochar	63.2–31.6	0.4–2.9	36.4–65.5		35.8–26.3	3.9–0.6	57.8–71.3	2.8–1.8
(Sewage sludge + sawdust) biochar	75.1–44.8	2.1–5.7	22.8–52.5		42.5–39.5	5.0–1.5	50.9–56.6	1.6–2.4
(Dewatered sewage sludge + pine sawdust) biochar	5.64	48.36	46.0		35.87	1.66	13.89	2.06	[85]