Research Article
Assessment of Major and Trace Elements in Drinking Groundwater in Bisha Area, Saudi Arabia
Table 2
Concentrations (mg/L) of the major elements mean ± SD (
n = 3), in 23
groundwater samples.
| Sample name | Na | Mg | K | Ca |
| Bisha South 1 | 65.90 ± 3.02 | 33.37 ± 0.91 | 7.23 ± 0.30 | 75.69 ± 4.15 | Bisha South 2 | 64.46 ± 1.34 | 35.73 ± 0.67 | 20.66 ± 1.12 | 74.41 ± 4.42 | Bisha South 4 | 73.38 ± 1.55 | 40.06 ± 0.19 | 9.20 ± 0.79 | 73.93 ± 4.22 | Bisha South 5 | 72.00 ± 3.41 | 41.16 ± 4.88 | 8.75 ± 0.87 | 74.86 ± 5.54 | Bisha North 1 | 30.40 ± 1.09 | 12.44 ± 0.92 | 5.66 ± 0.50 | 61.40 ± 2.20 | Bisha North 2 | 32.49 ± 1.77 | 12.83 ± 0.18 | 5.84 ± 0.46 | 60.79 ± 2.07 | Bisha North 3 | 30.95 ± 0.11 | 12.31 ± 0.13 | 5.68 ± 0.15 | 57.77 ± 1.16 | Bisha North 4 | 31.21 ± 0.86 | 12.69 ± 0.52 | 5.65 ± 0.27 | 58.10 ± 2.83 | Bisha North 5 | 8.04 ± 0.59 | 430.00 ± 0.57 | 215.00 ± 0.17 | 200.00 ± 2.19 | Hassan | 997.34 ± 19.35 | 141.56 ± 8.57 | 4.37 ± 0.26 | 449.29 ± 20.73 | Niaam | 42.61 ± 1.20 | 9.02 ± 0.53 | 5.14 ± 0.19 | 58.10 ± 1.87 | Tathlith-2 | 79.82 ± 4.82 | 47.25 ± 4.14 | 9.40 ± 0.84 | 161.14 ± 17.36 | Alalyani | 1282.58 ± 118.46 | 309.24 ± 28.59 | 11.00 ± 1.36 | 1040.14 ± 103.30 | Damakh | 277.96 ± 12.74 | 61.05 ± 1.40 | 9.69 ± 0.24 | 349.05 ± 18.81 | Sadd Jazan | 158.64 ± 3.90 | 26.95 ± 1.80 | 10.84 ± 0.64 | 95.63 ± 3.13 | Alain Alhara | 572.99 ± 11.73 | 9.10 ± 0.64 | 20.48 ± 0.85 | 142.69 ± 4.91 | Tathlith-1 | 72.27 ± 1.36 | 40.74 ± 0.82 | 8.62 ± 0.14 | 134.79 ± 6.81 | Tumnia | 12.63 ± 0.39 | 4.69 ± 0.20 | 3.07 ± 0.42 | 35.95 ± 2.38 | Bish Althunia | 1093.42 ± 10.45 | 168.00 ± 3.98 | 9.30 ± 0.13 | 522.83 ± 8.93 | Sahl | 817.14 ± 39.53 | 155.75 ± 8.01 | 10.37 ± 0.89 | 521.01 ± 27.21 | Shahrani | 53.95 ± 3.13 | 15.60 ± 0.76 | 6.20 ± 0.26 | 73.98 ± 2.42 | Bisha Thunia 1 | 291.40 ± 22.59 | 93.92 ± 6.52 | 14.30 ± 1.49 | 268.38 ± 14.18 | Aboy | 974.07 ± 28.79 | 249.17 ± 5.89 | 3.98 ± 0.19 | 770.39 ± 19.11 | Guideline value# | 300 | 30–150& | NA | 200& |
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Two samples were missed. #Set by WHO [ 6]. &Set by SASO [ 21]. |