Partial and Total Solvent-Free Limonene’s Hydrogenation: Metals, Supports, Pressure, and Water Effects

Table 3

Hydrogenation of limonene over Ru.

Pressure (MPa)	Support	H2O	Conversion (%)	Menthene/menthane (%)	Cis/trans menthane (%)	Time (h)	TOF (h^−1)^a	Cymene (%)
2.75	Carbon^b	—	0	—	—	24	—	0
		100 µL	0	—	—	24	—	0
		5 mL	7	100/0	—	24	0.4	0
		—	100	87/13	44/56	24	6.2	0
		100 µL	80	71/9	46/54	24	4.9	0
		5 mL	49	100/0	—	24	3	0
0.275	Carbon^b	—	0	—	—	24	—	0
		100 µL	0	—	—	24	—	0
		5 mL	0	—	—	24	—	0
		—	5	100/0	—	24	0.3	0
		100 µL	0	—	—	24	—	0
		5 mL	0	—	—	24	—	0

Experimental conditions: pure limonene, the catalyst, and room temperature. ^aTurnover frequency (TOF) = number of moles of consumed limonene/(mole of catalyst) time of reaction; ^b5% wt.