Study on Synergies of Fly Ash with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes in Manufacturing Fire Retardant Epoxy Nanocomposite
Table 4
Results for flammability tests (reaction to small flame) oxygen index (OI) and UL 94 for fly ash/MWCNTs/epoxy nanocomposites.
Trial
Material
Fly ash content (wt%)
MWCNTs content (wt%)
LOI (vol% O2 ± 2σ)
Combustion rate (mm/min)
UL94 HB (mm/min)
1
Epoxy
0.00
0.00
20.6
28.41
Not rated (NR)
2
FA01
0.00
0.03
21.9
24.90
21.76 (HB)
3
FA02
30
0.00
21.5
26.12
22.08 (HB)
4
FAST1
30
0.03
23.7
25.21
20.87 (HB)
5
FAST2
40
0.03
24.1
22.05
18.55 (HB)
6
FAST3
50
0.03
25.0
21.44
17.71 (HB)
7
FAST4
30
0.04
25.4
18.45
16.45 (HB)
8
FAST5
40
0.04
26.8
16.05
15.67 (HB)
9
FAST6
50
0.04
26.3
15.34
15.05 (HB)
10
FAST7
30
0.05
26.3
17.32
17.67 (HB)
11
FAST8
40
0.05
26.8
16.47
16.79 (HB)
12
FAST9
50
0.05
26.3
27.81
18.09 (HB)
The bold values indicate that at the manufacturing rate of 40 percent by weight of fly ash combined with 0.04 percent by weight of MWCNTs, the flame retardant properties of the material are improved more than other rates.
