Concentrating Mill Wastes are the Source of Pollution of Human Environment and Natural Ecosystems with Heavy Metals: A Case Study in Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation

Table 2

The chemical composition of the water in the tailings ponds of KCM.

Components	Maximum permissible concentration [56]	Toxicity-dependant hazard class [56]	Content, mg/dm^3
			“New” tailings	“Old” tailing		Rudnaya river, (background)	Rudnaya river, point of the discharge	Rudnaya river, below the discharge
				Pond 1	Pond 2
Mineralization	1000.0	–	154.2	12807.3	6844.6	46.6	1340.6	168.0
pH	6.5–8.5	–	7.4	2.5	2.3	6.9	4.6	6.7
HCO3	1000.0	–	29.3	<0,06	<0,04	18.3	8.0	23.2
SO4	100.0	–	78.4	9364.0	5250.0	12.9	933.9	101.7
Cl	300.0	4e	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5	<0.5
Ca	180.0	4e	31.8	544.0	408.1	8.7	277.1	26.9
Mg	40.0	4	7.5	216.0	248.5	1.5	105.4	9.1
Na	120.0	4e	3.4	4.9	3.3	4.3	13.7	5.2
К	50.0	4e	1.6	<0.01	<0.01	0.4	5.6	0.8
Si	–	–	5.1	48.6	35.2	9.9	8.7	5.9
Fetotal	0.1	4	1.8	2677.0	934.5	0.05	4.4	0.7
Oil products	0.05	3	0.05	<0.05	<0.05	N/D	<0.05	N/D
Pb	0.006	2	0.0004	0.003	0.009	0.0004	0.01	0.01
Zn	0.01	3	0.4	111.6	94.4	0.006	3.3	2.1
Cu	0.001	3	0.001	0.3	0.2	0.0004	0.01	0.004
Mn	0.01	4	1.7	527.5	43.4	0.008	8.3	0.98
Al	0.04	4	0.03	82.2	46.8	0.03	6.5	0.5
Cd	0.005	2	0.001	0.04	0.04	0.00002	0.01	0.004
As	0.05	3	0.006	0.2	0.05	0.001	0.004	0.001
Crtotal	0.02	3	0.00003	0.01	0.007	0.0002	0.002	0.0001
Со	0.01	3	0.002	0.02	0.02	N/D	0.02	N/D
Be	0.0003	2	0.00002	0.002	0.002	N/D	0.002	N/D
B	0.5	4	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01
Sr	0.4	3	0.3	1.2	1.3	0.06	2.1	0.3
Li	0.08	4	0.006	0.02	0.03	0.003	0.06	0.01
Ni	0.01	3	<LD	0.05	0.06	0.0001	0.06	0.002
Se	0.002	2	0.00006	<LD	0.0004	0.0002	0.01	0.0003
Rb	0.1	4	0.001	0.0003	0.0004	N/D	0.003	N/D
Cs	1.0	4	0.0001	0.0003	0.0007	0.0005	0.0003	0.001
V	0.001	3	0.00002	0.003	0.0001	N/D	0.0002	N/D
Ba	0.74	4	0.05	1.7	0.0004	0.006	0.02	0.01

–, no data; N/D, not detected; <LD, below the level of detection; components exceeding the MPC are in italics.