Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities of Bitter Gourd Fruit Extracts at Three Different Cultivation Stages

Figure 5

The effect of the ripen BG extracts (incubation with 5 mg/mL extract) on the viability of the MDBK cancer cells. Most of the cancer cells remained healthy and viable when treated with 60% methanol extract (a), treating with 80% ripen BG fruit extract showed cells depletion effect but not prominently (b), treating with ripen BG extract in 100% methanol showed strong deformation of cell structure (c), and control methotrexate anticancer drug showed very strong cell death effect (d).