Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activities of Bitter Gourd Fruit Extracts at Three Different Cultivation Stages

Table 4

IC₅₀ values calculated for anticancer activity of immature, mature, and ripen BG extracts in 60%, 80%, and 100% methanol using HeLa and MBDK cancer cell lines.

Fruit stage	IC50 (mg/mL)
	60% methanol extract		80% methanol extract		100% methanol extract
	HeLa	MDBK	HeLa	MBBK	HeLa	MDBK
Immature	67.34 ± 2.48	48.07 ± 1.08	54.65 ± 4.05	21.28 ± 2.32	25.87 ± 3.23	19.33 ± 2.14
Mature	31.31 ± 3.09	25.88 ± 1.69	21.56 ± 2.18	9.08 ± 1.57	13.56 ± 2.12	7.95 ± 1.39
Ripen	18.52 ± 1.56	12.88 ± 1.11	15.21 ± 1.37	9.02 ± 1.23	6.72 ± 1.81	3.55 ± 0.51

Results are mean ± S. D. of bitter gourd fruit extracts analyzed in triplicate.