Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxic Properties of Ethanolic Extract of Young and Mature Khat Leaves

Table 1

Chemical composition of alcoholic extract of young and mature leaves of Kofat, Gaifi, and Gahasha species.

S. no	Retention time	Chemical constituents	% area Kofat		% area Gaifi		% area Gahasha
			Young (N1)	Mature (G1)	Young (N2)	Mature (G2)	Young (N3)	Mature (G3)
1	3.52	2,2′-Azo bis [2-methyl-propane nitrile]	2.0	—	—	1.43	1.88	2.0
2	3.56	Tetramethylbutanedinitrile	—	1.62	1.91	—	—	—
3	3.6	2,6,10-Trimethyldodecane	—	1.04	0.98	0.66	1.14	0.95
4	3.83	2,2-Dimethyldecane	—	2.75	0.28	—	0.36	0.22
5	3.83	2,2-Dimethyltetradecane	2.48	—	—	1.77	—	—
6	3.84	2,2,11,11-Tetramethyldodecane	—	—	2.4	—	—	—
7	3.9	2,2,6-Trimethyldecane	1.86	2.11	1.83	1.42	5.34	4.56
8	4.0	4-Methyldodecane	3.12	—			3.86	—
9	4.02	3-Methyl-5-propylnonane	—	3.99	3	2.32	—	3.6
10	4.1	3,6-Dimethylundecane	—	—	—	—	—	1.41
11	4.11	2,6,7-Trimethyldecane	—	1.74	—	—	—	—
12	4.15	1-Ethenyl-3-ethyl-benzene	4.97	3.63	3.24	2.52	3.86	—
13	4.16	1-Methyl-2-phenylcyclopropane	—	4.28	—	—	—	—
14	4.22	1-Methyl-1-p-tolyethyl butyrate	—	—	—	—	—	3.77
15	4.23	1-Ethenyl-4-ethyl-benzene	3.94	—	3.76	—	4.71	—
16	4.24	1-Phenyl 1-butene	—	—	—	2.95	—	—
17	4.33	5-Methylundecane	1.54	—	1.46	1.13	1.93	—
18	4.34	2,6-Dimethyldecane	—	1.61	—	—	—	—
19	4.36	2,7,10-Trimethyldodecane	—	1.38	2.67	2.09	2.03	—
20	4.37	4,6-Dimethyldodecane	1.23	—	—	—	1.5	1.08
21	4.42	1,3-Diethenyl-benzene	2.92	3.01	2.76	2.22	3.21	6.01
22	4.9	1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione	1.51	—	—	—	0.72	0.5
23	5.5	1-Phenylpropanol	2.61	—	—	—	—	—
24	5.5	Benzene α-hydroxyethyl acetate	—	—	1.33	—	—	—
25	5.51	α-Hydroxyethyl benzene acetate	—	—	—	—	1.91	—
26	6.6	Cathinone	0.22	—	0.26	0.09	0.16	0.16
27	7.0	Cathine	0.77	—	0.55	0.35	0.67	0.05
28	7.1	3-Methoxyamphetamine	0.29	—	—	—	—	—
29	7.3	p-α-Dimethyl phenyl ethyl amine	—	—	—	—	—	1.9
30	7.6	1-Dodecanol	3.09	2.69	2.54	2.44	2.89	2.09
31	8.4	Methyl β-D-galactopyranoside	—	1.81	—	—	—	—
32	8.5	1-Hydroxy-1-phenyl-2-(acetylamino) propane	1.02	—	—	—	—	—
33	8.5	N-Crotonyl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-aminomalonic acid, diethyl ether	—	—	—	1.44	—	—
34	8.57	Methyl α-D-glucopyranoside	2.06	—	—	—	—	—
35	8.57	Octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside	—	—	—	—	—	1.91
36	8.57	Capric acid (decanoic acid)	—	—	1.58	1.71	—	—
37	8.6	Heneicosane	1.09		2.89	—	—	—
38	8.63	Methyl 6-O-[1-methylpropyl]-β–D-galactopyranoside	—	—	—	3.74	—	—
39	9.3	Tetradecanyl acrylate	1.25	1.05	—	1.31	1.02	—
40	9.4	2,6,10,14-Tetramethylhexadecane	—	1.55	—	1.13	—	—
41	9.7	4-Methyl mannitol	8.73	3.27	6.37	7.11	6.52	6.16
42	10.39	Neophytadiene			2.54	1.26	—	1.18
43	10.5	3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl 2-hexadecen-1-ol	1.33	0.19	1.92	3.35	—	2.27
44	10.7	Isobutyl tetradec-3-enyl fumatate	2.51	—	—	—	—	—
45	10.8	Galactitol	4.62	—	3.98	10.55	—	—
46	10.84	Tert-nonyl mercaptan	—	—	2.62	—	—	—
47	10.86	Dibutyl phthalate	—	1.05	—	—	—	—
48	10.92	3-Ethyl-6-trimethylsilyloxyoctane	—	—	1.93	—	—	—
49	11.12	Palmitic acid (n-hexadecanoic acid)	—	3.06	—	—	—	2.95
50	11.21	Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate	—	—	1.42	2.69	—	—
51	12.2	Phytol	1.1	—	—	—	—	—
52	12.52	Stearic acid	—	—	—	—	—	6.58
53	14.62	Phthalic acid (1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid)	—	1.8	—	—	—	—
54	16.0	(Z)-13-Docosenamide	3.59	6.92	—	—	4.99	15.7
55	16.08	9-Octadecenamide	—	—	3.95	5.54	—	—
56	16.93	Pentatriacontane	—	—	—	—	1.07	—
57	16.95	Heptacosyl heptafluorobutyrate	—	1.46	—	—	—	—
58	16.96	1-Triacontanol	—	—	—	1.38	—	—
59	22.3	β-Sitosterol	3.71	1.97	4.03	3.61	2.8	2.07
60	24.04	Lupeol	—	—	—	1.23	—	—
Total detected compounds (%)			63.56	53.98	62.17	36.67	52.57	67.12