Effects of Urbanization on Water Quality and the Macrobenthos Community Structure in the Fenhe River, Shanxi Province, China

Table 1

Environmental parameters for water at the sampling sites and the relationships between the parameters and land use.

Variable	Min	Max	Mean	SD	r
					Cropland (%)	Grassland (%)	Forest (%)	Wetland (%)	Percentage ofimpervious area (PIA, %)
Water temperature (°C)	10.10	26.80	19.21	4.21	0.308	−0.425	−0.386	0.446	0.356
pH	7.83	9.07	8.52	0.33	−0.191	0.257	0.120	0.011	−0.270
DO (mg/L)	3.02	10.80	6.82	2.03	0.235	0.118	−0.166	−0.031	−0.271
Flow (m/s)	0.05	3.32	0.54	0.72	−0.117	0.059	0.127	−0.027	−0.100
ORP (mv)	155.00	281.00	224.47	47.66	0.381	−0.219	−0.346	0.047	0.247
EC (μs/cm)	329.00	2000.00	1034.16	668.06	0.528	−0.326	−0.464	−0.155	0.382
TN (mg/L)	1.28	54.90	15.83	14.07	0.726	−0.304	−0.469	−0.254	0.810
TP (mg/L)	0.01	5.66	0.93	1.49	0.630	−0.243	−0.450	−0.157	0.814
NH4^+-N (mg/L)	0.03	43.80	8.12	13.11	0.344	−0.229	−0.012	−0.194	0.566
NO3^−-N (mg/L)	0.02	10.30	2.20	2.34	0.334	−0.235	−0.371	−0.084	0.411

DO, dissolved oxygen concentration; ORP, oxidation-reduction potential; EC, electrical conductivity; TN, total nitrogen concentration; TP, total phosphorus concentration; NH₄⁺-N, ammonia-nitrogen concentration; NO₃⁻-N, nitrate nitrogen concentration; SD, standard deviation. ; .