Efficiency of Sawdust as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Dyes Removal

Table 2

Different dyes removal methods along with their advantages and disadvantages [8, 9, 23].

Method	Advantages	Disadvantages
Biodegradation	Simple, economically attractive	It requires strict environmental conditions, produces sludge, and takes long time
Adsorption	Excellent removal method for a wide variety of dyes, and simple operation process	Adsorbents can be costly and have regeneration problems
Coagulation/flocculation	Economically attractive, simple	It generates huge amounts of concentrated sludge
Ion exchange	Can be regenerated, good dye removal method	It is ineffective to certain dyes and costly
Membrane filtration	Effective for water recovery and reusing	It has short lifetime, produces concentrated sludge, and is costly
Reverse osmosis	Effective for decoloring and desalting a variety of dyes	It requires high pressure and is expensive
Advanced oxidation process	Can remove dye in unusual conditions, good dye removal method	It is expensive and produces undesirable by-products
Electrochemical process	Effective, rapid	There is high cost of electricity and it is economically unfeasible