Efficiency of Sawdust as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Dyes Removal

Table 5

Carbonization and activation condition of various precursors.

Raw material	Carbonization condition	Activation condition	Chemical treatment	Impregnation ratio	Activation method	Ref.
Pine sawdust	450°C	—	H3PO4	—	Chemical activation	[71]
Mahogany sawdust	500°C/1 h	800°C/1 h	Steam	—	Physical activation	[72]
Tectona grandis sawdust	500°C/1 h	—	ZnCl2	200%	Chemical activation	[73]
Pine sawdust	—	500°C	ZnCl2	1 : 1	Chemical activation	[74]
Teak sawdust	600°C/1 h	750–900°C/h	Steam	—	Physical activation	[75]
Rattan sawdust	700°C	—	KOH	1 : 1	Chemical activation	[76]
Chinese fir sawdust	400–600°C/1 h	—	ZnCl2	—	Chemical activation	[77]
Pine sawdust	—	800°C/2 h	CO2	—	Physical activation	[78]
Sawdust of Algarroba wood	—	800°C	CO2	—	Physical activation	[14]
Pine sawdust	400°C	—	ZnCl2	0.5–2	Chemical activation	[53]
Rubber-wood sawdust	—	500°C/1 h	ZnCl2	1 : 1–2 : 1	Chemical activation	[79]
Rubber-wood sawdust	740°C/1 h	740°C/1 h	CO2	—	Physical activation	[80]
Eucalyptus grandis sawdust	—	—	ZnCl2	2 : 1	Chemical activation (microwave-assisted)	[81]
Pine sawdust	450°C	—	H3PO4	—	Chemical activation	[71]
Sawdust (Colombia)	600°C	900°C	CO2	—	Physical activation	[57]
Sawdust	425°C/2 h	—	H3PO4	15 wt%	Chemical activation (ultrasound-assisted)	[82]