Review Article
Efficiency of Sawdust as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Dyes Removal
Table 5
Carbonization and activation condition of various precursors.
| Raw material | Carbonization condition | Activation condition | Chemical treatment | Impregnation ratio | Activation method | Ref. |
| Pine sawdust | 450°C | — | H3PO4 | — | Chemical activation | [71] | Mahogany sawdust | 500°C/1 h | 800°C/1 h | Steam | — | Physical activation | [72] | Tectona grandis sawdust | 500°C/1 h | — | ZnCl2 | 200% | Chemical activation | [73] | Pine sawdust | — | 500°C | ZnCl2 | 1 : 1 | Chemical activation | [74] | Teak sawdust | 600°C/1 h | 750–900°C/h | Steam | — | Physical activation | [75] | Rattan sawdust | 700°C | — | KOH | 1 : 1 | Chemical activation | [76] | Chinese fir sawdust | 400–600°C/1 h | — | ZnCl2 | — | Chemical activation | [77] | Pine sawdust | — | 800°C/2 h | CO2 | — | Physical activation | [78] | Sawdust of Algarroba wood | — | 800°C | CO2 | — | Physical activation | [14] | Pine sawdust | 400°C | — | ZnCl2 | 0.5–2 | Chemical activation | [53] | Rubber-wood sawdust | — | 500°C/1 h | ZnCl2 | 1 : 1–2 : 1 | Chemical activation | [79] | Rubber-wood sawdust | 740°C/1 h | 740°C/1 h | CO2 | — | Physical activation | [80] | Eucalyptus grandis sawdust | — | — | ZnCl2 | 2 : 1 | Chemical activation (microwave-assisted) | [81] | Pine sawdust | 450°C | — | H3PO4 | — | Chemical activation | [71] | Sawdust (Colombia) | 600°C | 900°C | CO2 | — | Physical activation | [57] | Sawdust | 425°C/2 h | — | H3PO4 | 15 wt% | Chemical activation (ultrasound-assisted) | [82] |
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