Efficiency of Sawdust as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Dyes Removal

Table 6

Adsorption capacities of activated carbons prepared from various sawdust for various dyes.

Sawdust	Dye	Operating conditions					qm (mg/g)	Ref.
		m (g/L)	C0 (mg/L)	t (min)	T (°C)	pH
Wood sawdust	Basic blue 69	2	200	—	80	—	74.4	[89]
Wood sawdust	Acid blue 25	2	200	240	—	—	7.53	[89]
Neem sawdust	Crystal violet	5	12	—	30	7.2	3.789	[90]
Neem sawdust	Malachite green	5	12	—	30	7.2	3.42	[90]
Bamboo Sawdust	Methylene blue	10	100–400	35	30	7.4	143.2	[91]
Coconut tree sawdust	Congo red	2.5	25	3600	31	5.76–5.91	70%	[21]
Coconut tree sawdust	Methyl violet	2.5	25	60	31	4.68–4.78	93%	[21]
Coconut tree sawdust	Malachite green	2.5	25	180	31	4.70–4.86	94%	[21]
Treated sawdust	Malachite green	4	250	60	26	7	74.5	[92]
Mahogany sawdust	Acid yellow 36	4	1000	60	30	3	183.8	[93]
Mahogany sawdust	Direct blue 2B	0.6	—	150	30	3	518	[72]
Mahogany sawdust	Direct green B	0.6	—	150	30	3	327.9	[72]
Beech sawdust	Methylene blue	—	1.4–14.0	—	—	8–13	16.05	[94]
Beech sawdust	Red basic 22	—	2.1–21.0	—	—	8–13	29.1	[94]
Raw beech sawdust	Methylene blue	—	1.4–14.0	—	—	8–13	9.78	[94]
Indian Rosewood sawdust	Methylene blue	4	250	30	26	7	46.1	[95]
Pine sawdust	Malachite green	4	50–2000	120	26	—	370.37	[74]
Pine sawdust	Acid yellow 132	10	500–2000	120	25	3.5	398.8	[96]
Pine sawdust	Acid blue 256	10	500–2000	120	25	3.5	280.3	[96]
Cedar sawdust	Methylene blue	0.1–1.5	40	300	20	7	142.36	[97]
Rattan sawdust	Methylene blue	1	500	240	30	—	294.12	[76]
Walnut sawdust	Methylene blue	10	50–500	60	20	2.5–4.2	59.17	[88]
Walnut sawdust	Acid blue 25	10	50–500	60	20	2.5–4.2	36.98	[88]
Cherry sawdust	Methylene blue	10	50–500	300	20	2.5–4.2	39.84	[88]
Cherry sawdust	Acid blue 25	10	50–500	300	20	2.5–4.2	31.98	[88]
Oak sawdust	Methylene blue	10	50–500	60	20	2.5–4.2	29.94	[88]
Oak sawdust	Acid blue 25	10	50–500	60	20	2.5–4.2	27.85	[88]
Pitch-pine sawdust	Methylene blue	10	50–500	60	20	2.5–4.2	27.78	[88]
Pitch-pine sawdust	Acid blue 25	10	50–500	60	20	2.5–4.2	26.19	[88]
Beech wood sawdust	Direct orange 26	2	20–80	240	—	—	27.07	[98]
Beech wood sawdust	Acid green 20	2	20–80	240	—	—	18.84	[98]
Beech wood sawdust	Acid orange 7	2	20–80	240	—	—	24.38	[98]
Crude sawdust	Methylene blue	2	250	2160	—	6	87.7	[99]
Functionalized sawdust	Methylene blue	2	250	360	—	5	188.7	[99]
Meranti sawdust	Methylene blue	5	50–200	180	60	9	158.73	[100]
Mansonia wood sawdust	Methylene blue	—	120	—	26	—	33.44	[101]
Beech wood sawdust	Basic blue 86	2	100–400	—	25	4.43–7.07	136.9	[102]
Beech wood sawdust	Direct brown	2	330–900	—	25	3	526.3	[102]
Beech wood sawdust	Direct brown 2	2	320–600	—	25	3	416.7	[102]
Treated sawdust	Brilliant green	4	50–300	180	30	2.9	58.479	[103]
Raw pine sawdust	Methylene blue	1	1.6–156	—	23	8	41.60	[104]
Treated pine sawdust	Methylene blue	1	1.6–156	240	23	8	65.72	[104]
Eucalyptus wood sawdust	Congo red	4	10–30	240	35	7	66.67	[105]
Modified pine sawdust	Methylene blue	2	25–500	480	25	6.5	111.46	[106]
Fugas sawdust	Maxilon blue dye	1	10	60	30	6.7	57.876	[107]
Rattan sawdust	Methylene blue	1	25	480	30	7	359	[108]
Bamboo sawdust	Congo red	3.33	100	—	25	—	90.51	[109]
Acacia nilotica sawdust	Crystal violet	8	50–500	60	30	6.51	25.253	[110]

m: adsorbent dosage, C₀: initial dye concentration rang, t: contact time, T: temperature, and q_m: adsorption capacity.