Study on the Properties of Epoxy Composites Using Fly Ash as an Additive in the Presence of Nanoclay: Mechanical Properties, Flame Retardants, and Dielectric Properties

Table 3

Results for flammability tests (reaction to small flame) oxygen index (OI) and UL 94 for nanocomposites.

Trial	Fly ash (parts volume)	LOI (vol% O2 ± 2σ)	Combustion rate (mm/min)	UL94 HB (mm/min)
1	Neat epoxy resin	20.6	28.41	Not rated (NR)
2	10	21.9	23.27	23.75 (HB)
3	20	22.1	22.05	22.08 (HB)
4	30	23.2	20.47	21.48 (HB)
5	40	24.6	18.19	20.12 (HB)
6	50	24.1	18.35	20.45 (HB)