Study on the Properties of Epoxy Composites Using Fly Ash as an Additive in the Presence of Nanoclay: Mechanical Properties, Flame Retardants, and Dielectric Properties

Table 9

Results for flammability tests (reaction to small flame) oxygen index (OI) and UL 94 for fly ash/nanoclay/epoxy nanocomposites.

Trial	Material	Fly ash content (wt%)	Nanoclay content (wt%)	LOI (vol% O2 ± 2σ)	Combustion rate (mm/min)	UL94 HB (mm/min)
1	Neat epoxy	0.00	0.00	20.6 ± 0.3	28.41	Not rated (NR)
2	NP01	20	1	23.2 ± 0.3	24.39	20.87 (HB)
3	NP02	30	1	23.7 ± 0.3	22.37	19.07 (HB)
4	NP05	40	1	24.1 ± 0.4	22.45	18.34 (HB)
5	NP06	20	3	25.4 ± 0.3	19.15	17.44 (HB)
6	NP07	30	3	26.3 ± 0.3	17.08	15.07 (HB)
7	NP08	40	3	26.8 ± 0.3	15.79	14.01 (HB)
8	NP09	20	5	25.9 ± 0.3	16.35	16.77 (HB)
9	NP10	30	5	26.3 ± 0.4	16.07	16.09 (HB)
10	NP11	40	5	25.9 ± 0.3	20.56	18.23 (HB)