| | Plant (family); voucher numbers | Traditional uses | Parts used | Bioactive or potentially bioactive components | Bioactivities of extracts and/or compounds |
| | Amaranthus hybridus Linn (Amaranthaceae); 15630 HNC | Intestinal bleeding, diarrhoea, and excessive menstruation [6, 7] | Leaves, seeds | Flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides [6], alkaloid, saponin, tannins, phenols, hydrocyanic acid, and phytic acid [8, 9] | Antimicrobial [4, 6, 10] |
| | Vernonia hymenolepis (H.F.) Hook (Asteraceae); 42401/HNC | Wounds [11], anticancer [12], fever, stomach ache, diarrhoea, hernia, spleen enlargement [13] | Leaves | Vernolepin [14, 15], vernomenin [15], flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin) [16] | Cytotoxic [14], spasmolytic, antiaggregating and deaggregating activities, antitumor activity, antimicrobial [17], insecticide [18], antifilarial [19] |
| | Lactuca sativa Linn (Asteraceae); 25624/SRF.Cam | Analgesic, conjunctivitis, tired eyes, insomnia, sedative insomnia [20], anxiety, neurosis, dry coughs, rheumatic pain [21], stimulate digestion, enhance appetite, and relieve inflammation [22] | Leaves | Phenolic acids, triterpenoids, saponins, phytol [20], carotenoids [23], flavonoids including kaempferol [16], lettucenin-A guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones conjugates, lactucin, deoxylactucin, and lactucopicrin [24] | Antimicrobial [4, 25], antifungal, antibacterial [26], antitumor [27] antioxidating, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory [20], depressant [28] sedative, hypnotic, analgesic, and anticonvulsant [29], hypoglycaemic [30], antioxidant l [31, 32], and anxiolytic |
| | Lactuca capensis Thumb (Asteraceae); 27743 HNC | Antispasmodic, digestive, diuretic, hypnotic, narcotic, and sedative properties. Treatment of insomnia, anxiety, neuroses, hyperactivity in children, dry coughs, whooping cough, rheumatic pain, chronic join pains [33] | Leaves | Lactucarium, sesquiterpene lactone [34] | Antibacterial against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria [4] |
| | Sechium edule (Jacq) SW (Cucurbitaceae); 42459/HNC | Urine retention, kidney diseases, arteriosclerosis, hypertension [35] | Leaves | C-glycosyl and O-glycosyl, flavones in roots, leaves, stem, and fruits [36], ascorbic acid, gibberellins, flavonoids, and saponins [35] | Diuretic [37], free radical scavenger and antioxidant [38], antibacterial [4, 39], antihypertensive [40], hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract, and its different fractions [41] |
| | Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae); 57650/HNC | Hypertension, headache and pain, irritable bowel syndrome, fever, headache, aches, and pains [42] | Leaves | 3-Rutinosides of kaempferol and quercetin; the cyanogenic glycosides, lotaustralin, and linamarin, from the fresh leaves of cassava [43] | Anthelmintic activity of crude extracts antibacterial [4, 44] |
| | Cucurbita pepo Linn (Cucurbitaceae); 15630 HNC | Intestinal infections and kidney problems (seeds), minor injuries (flowers), anthelmintic, hypertension, erysipelas, enteritis, dyspepsia, stomach disorders, liver disorders like jaundice [45] | Leaves | Saponin, tannin, quinone, coumarins, flavonoids, sterol, terpenes, [46] lignin, alkaloids, protein, and sugar curbicin [47] anthocyanin, phenols like syringic acid [47], phytin, lecithin, cucurbitane, and hexanocucurbitane L-2-O-β-glucopyranoside, curbicin [47], flavonoids, vitamins B, C, and E, β-sitosterol | Antihypertensive, antioxidative activities, arthritis, reduce the symptoms of BPH [47, 48]. High cholesterol, antiparasitic activity in vitro [49], alleviates the detrimental effects associated with protein malnutrition [50], antiparasitic [51], nephron, and hepatoprotective, vermifuge, inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis [52], antiparasitic, protects gastric mucosal [45], antibacterial against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria [4] |
| | Solanum nigrum Linn (Solanaceae); 43000 HNC | Pneumonia aching teeth, stomach ache, tonsillitis, tonic, wing worms [11], pain, inflammation, and fever. Tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, antipyretic [53] | Leaves | Kaempferol [16, 54], terpenoids and condensed tannin [55], quercetin, flavonoids [16], polysaccharides, polyphenolic compounds including gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, rutin, and naringenin [53] | Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anthelmintic activity [55] antinociceptive, antipyretic, antitumor, antiulcerogenic, cancer chemopreventive, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects [56] mosquito larvicidal [57], antibacterial [4, 58] |
| | Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae); 25818/SFRcam | Cardiovascular diseases, intoxication, inflammation, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, respiratory diseases, asthma [59] | Seeds | Piperine, pipene [60], piperamides, piperamine [61], pellitorine [62] | Antiapoptotic [63, 64], antibacterial and antibiotic potentiation [5, 59, 65], antidepressant [66], antifungal [67], analgesic, anti-inflammatory [68], antidiarrhoeal [69], antimutagenic, antioxidative, increase plasma [70], antipyretic [68], immunomodulatory, antispasmodic [71, 72], asthma, obesity, sinus antispermatogenic, antithyroid, antitumor ciprofloxacin potentiator, transcription inhibitor, insecticidal, hepatoprotective, increase pancreatic enzymes, cytochrome inhibitor [59] |
| | Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae ); 31149/SRFK | Microbial infections [73], hiccups, kidney problems and stomach discomfort [74], stomach ache and gastrointestinal pain, malarial fever, cough remedy [75], antimalaria, purgative, antiparasitic, eczema blood glucose levels control [76], treatment of eczema [76] | Leaves | Flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids [75], vernodalin, vernomygdin, vernonioside B1, and vernoniol B1 [77] | Active anticancer [78], antimalarial and antiparasitic agents [79], hypoglycaemic [80], antimicrobial, antibacterial and antibiotic potentiation [5], antihelminthic, antischistosomal, tumor inhibitor [77], hypolipidaemic and antioxidant properties [81] |
| | Telfairia occidentalis (Cucurbitaceae); 33423/HNC | Microbial infections, cholesterolemia, liver problems, and impaired defense immune systems [82] | Leaves | Phenols, alkaloids, and tannins [83] | Antimicrobial and antibiotic potentiation [5], antioxidant and free radical scavenger [83, 84], antiplasmodial, cure lactating properties, hypoglycemic and antidiabetic [82] |
| | Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd. (Portulacaceae); 11537 SRFcam | Against infectious diseases, burns [85], internal heat, cramps, IST [86], cardiovascular diseases [87] | Leaves and entire plants | Essential oil, alpha-tocopherols, beta-tocopherols [88], alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins [89], β-carotene, minerals [90] | Antioxidant [91] and neuroprotective [92], hemolytic and hyperglycemic [86], prooxidant [93], anti-inflammatory [94], tonic [95] |
| | Amaranthus cruentus Linn (Amaranthaceae); 42335 HNC | | Leaves and seeds | Phenols, anthocyanins [96], carbonic anhydrases [97], α-tocopherols, oleic acids, linoleic and folic acids, riboflavin and niacin | Antioxidant against lipid peroxidation, DPPH and ABTS radicals [96], antibacterial against Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria [4] |
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